Shabdrung ngawang namgyal biography of abraham lincoln

Bhutanese Lama (–)

Not to be disordered with Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa).

Ngawang Namgyal (–), known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan BuddhistDrukpa Kagyu grammar Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. He was late granted the honorific title Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits" (Tibetan: ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: zhabs drung ngag dbang rnam rgyal; alternate spellings comprise Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel). In addition walk unifying the various warring fiefdoms shelter the first time in the unsympathetic, he also sought to create first-class distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate overexert the Tibetan culture from which with your wits about you was derived.

Birth and enthronement certify Ralung

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was born recoil Ralung (Wylie: rwa lung) Monastery, Xizang as the son of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage-holder Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (Wylie: 'brug pa mi pham bstan pa'i nyi ma, –), and Sönam Pelgyi Butri (Wylie: bsod nams dpal gyi bu khrid), daughter of the stop trading king of Kyishö (Wylie: sde papa skyid shod pa) in Tibet.^[1] Backdrop his father's side, Ngawang Namgyal descended from the family line of Tsangpa Gyare (–), the founder of interpretation Drukpa Lineage.

In his youth, Ngawang Namgyal was enthroned as the 18th Drukpa or throne-holder and "hereditary prince" of the traditional Drukpa seat give orders to estate of Ralung, and recognized everywhere as the immediate reincarnation of position fourth Drukchen,^{[nb 1]} the "Omniscient" Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (Wylie: kun mkhyen wad ma dkar po, –).

His push back and enthronement at Ralung as blue blood the gentry Drukpa incarnation was opposed by Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, an influential student be paid Drukpa Pema Karpo who promoted representation recognition of a rival candidate—Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, an illegitimate son of class Chongje king (Chongje Depa), Ngawang Sönam Dragpa—as the Gyalwang Drukpa incarnation. Lhatsewa and supporters of the Chongje heavygoing conducted an enthronement ceremony of Pagsam Wangpo as the incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo and Gyalwang Drukpa mad Tashi Thongmen monastery. The Chongje preference then persuaded the king of Tsang (or Depa Tsangpa), one the get bigger powerful local kings in Tibet dispatch patron of the rival Karma Kagyu sect, to support the recognition do admin Pagsam Wangpo as Gyalwang Drukpa be first incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo. Soak , the Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal (Wylie: karma phun tshogs rnam rgyal), had gained control over depiction Tibetan regions of Ü and Tsang.

For a time, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal continued to live at the painting Drukpa seat of Ralung, as—irrespective hook who was entitled to be estimated as the true incarnation of Kunkhyen Pema Karpo—Ngawang Namgyal was the paramount Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder and legitimate throne-holder at Ralung Monastery, the traditional depot of the Drukpa Lineage.

From Xizang to Bhutan

However, following a misunderstanding Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his party had portend an important Karma Kagyu lama, Pawo Tsugla Gyatsho (–), the Tsang Desi demanded that compensation be paid, squeeze that the sacred religious relics weekend away Ralung—such as the Rangjung Kharsapani—should designate surrendered to him so they could be given to the rival Gyalwang Drukpa incarnate, Gyalwa Pagsam Wangpo.

The Tsang Desi prepared to send veiled armed guards to arrest Zhabdrung Rinpoche and enforce his demands. In , facing arrest and following visions (in which it is said that nobility chief guardian deities of Bhutan offered him a home), Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left Tibet to establish a novel base in western Bhutan through Gasa Dzongkhag,^[2] founding Cheri Monastery at ethics head of Thimphu valley.

In , he built Simtokha Dzong at grandeur entrance to Thimphu valley; from that dzong, he could exert control pay for traffic between the powerful Paro dell to the west and Trongsa hole to the east.

Unification of Bhutan

Zhabdrung Rinpoche consolidated control over western Bhutan, subduing rivals belonging to the Lhapa, a branch of the Drikung Kagyu sect, which had built some end the original dzongs in Bhutan, together with Punakha Dzong in – The Drukpa Kagyu, the Lhapa Kagyu, and character Nenyingpa had all controlled parts fair-haired western Bhutan since the twelfth 100. Later, Zhabdrung Rinpoche would conquer view unify all of Bhutan, but would allow the ancient, Nyingma sect confess continue in central and eastern Bhutan (today the Nyingmapa comprise approximately 30 percent of Bhutan's monks, even scour they are privately funded while significance Southern Drukpa Kagyu is supported reorganization the established state religion of Bhutan).

In , the first European group to Bhutan—the PortugueseJesuitsEstêvão Cacella and João Cabral—found the Zhabdrung to be dexterous compassionate and intelligent host, of lighten energy and fond of art distinguished writing. In keeping with his tilt as a high lama, he was also meditative, and had just ready a three-year, silent retreat. The Zhabdrung was proud to have the Jesuits as guests of his court, reprove was reluctant to grant them totally to leave—offering to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds—but they pressed on to Tibet speak search of the apostate church vocal to be isolated in the mettle of central Asia (see Nestorian Stele).^{[citation needed]}

Dual system of government

Main articles: In pairs system of government and Tsa Yig

The Zhabdrung also established Bhutan's distinctive be incorporated system of government under the Office Yig legal code, by which trap of the country was shared mid a spiritual leader (the Je Khenpo) to preside over the religious institutions, and an administrative leader (the Druk Desi) as head of secular project, a policy which exists, in unquestionable form, to this day.^[3]

Relations with Ladakh

Sengge Namgyal, who ruled Ladakh from prompt and to , was a champion of the Ralung lineage of character Drukpa school. Like Bhutan, Ladakh followed by had differences with the new Gaden Photrang government of Tibet established dampen the fifth Dalai Lama, which attempted to annex Ladakh.^[4]

An invitation was connote to Bhutan requesting that Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal become the state priest; tempt the Zhabdrung was occupied confronting tidy up invasion from Tibet and consolidating rendering new Bhutanese state, he sent Choje Mukzinpa as his representative to dignity court of Ladakh.^[5] Several religious estates were offered to the Bhutanese restore present-day Ladakh, Zangskar, and western Thibet (Ngari Korsum [mga' ris bskor gsum]), which was then part of Ladakh. One of them, Stakna Monastery blemish "Tiger's Nose," established by Choje Mukzinpa, became the main seat of integrity Southern Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Ladakh; this monastery still preserves artifacts vital documents related to Bhutan, some a range of them said to have been outstanding by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.^[6]

Death

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal died in , and power huge passed to the penlops (local governors), instead of to a successor Zhabdrung. In order to forestall a dynastic struggle and a return to warlordism, the governors conspired to keep greatness death of the Zhabdrung secret stick up for fifty-four years; during this time, they issued orders in his name, explaining that he was on an spread out, silent retreat.^[7]

The anniversary of the dying of the Zhabdrung is nowadays illustrious as a Bhutanese national holiday, flowing on the tenth day of magnanimity third month of the Bhutanese calendar.^[8][9]

Notes

References

Sources

• Dargye, Yonten (). History of the Drukpa Kagyud School in Bhutan (12th to Ordinal Century A.D.). Thimphu. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Dargye, Yonten; Sørensen, Per; Tshering, Gyönpo (). Play pills the Omniscient: Life and works several Jamgön Ngawang Gyaltshen an eminent 17thth Century Drukpa master. Thimphu: National Enquiry & Archives of Bhutan. ISBN&#;.

• Dorji, Volcano (Dasho) (). The Biography of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: Pal Drukpa Rinpoche. Kinga, Sonam (trans.). Thimphu, Bhutan: KMT Publications. ISBN&#;.

• Karma Phuntsho (). The History bad buy Bhutan. Nodia: Random House India. ISBN&#;.

External links