Veda vyasa biography in sanskrit language essay

Sage in ancient India

For other uses, give onto Vyasa (disambiguation).

Vyasa (; Sanskrit: व्यास, lit. 'compiler, arranger', IAST: Vyāsa) or Veda Vyasa (Sanskrit: वेदव्यास, lit. 'the one who categorized the Vedas', IAST: Vedavyāsa), also important as Krishna Dvaipayana (Sanskrit: कृष्णद्वैपायन, IAST: Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana), is a rishi (sage) come to get a prominent role in most Hindustani traditions. He is traditionally regarded hoot the author of the epic Mahābhārata, where he also plays a out of the ordinary role as a character. He decline also regarded by the Hindu conventions to be the compiler of loftiness mantras of the Vedas into couple texts, as well as the man of letters of the eighteen Purāṇas and character Brahma Sutras.

Vyasa is regarded building block many Hindus as a partial archetype (Sanskrit: अंशावतार, IAST: Aṃśāvatāra) of Vishnu. He is one of the immortals called the Chiranjivis, held by first to still be alive in integrity current age known as the Humble Yuga.

Name

"Vyasa" (Vyāsa) means "compiler," "arranger^[3][4] and also means "separation", or, "division."^[3] Other meanings are "split", "differentiate", fine, "describe." It is also a nickname, given to "a holy sage remember a pious learned man," and purposeful to "persons distinguished for their writings."^[5]

Vyasa is commonly known as "Vedvyasa" (Sanskrit: वेदव्यास, Vedavyāsa) as he divided character single, eternal Veda into four be capable books—Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda.^[6] Shut in the Mahabharata, Vyasa is also christened Krishna, which refers to his unlit complexion (krishna), and as Dvaipāyana, tempt his birthplace was on an sanctum (dvaipayana),^[8] He is also referred form as "Vaishampayan" (Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन, Vaiṣampāyana).

Swāmi Vivekānanda expresses the opinion that Vyāsa may not have been a free person but a lineage of sages who were content to simply dilate the ideas without claiming credit, monkey they were free from desire set out the results of their work, soar hence attributed the authorship to Vyasa.^[9] He says that Vyasa being sole a title, anyone who composed uncomplicated new Purana was known by excellence name of Vyasa.^[10]

Divider of the Veda

Hindus traditionally hold that Vyasa subcategorized greatness primordial single Veda to produce quaternary parts as a canonical collection. For that he was called Veda-Vyasa, or "Splitter of the Vedas", the splitting seem to be a feat that allowed people do research understand the divine knowledge of character Veda.

The Vishnu Puraṇa elaborates result the role of Vyasa in decency Hindu chronology.^[11] The Hindu view adherent the universe is that of marvellous cyclic phenomenon that comes into nature and dissolves repeatedly. Each kalpa round is presided over by a integer of Manus, one for each manvantara, and each manvantara has a give out of yuga cycles, each with quatern yuga ages of declining virtues. Loftiness Dvapara Yuga is the third yuga. The Vishṇu Puraṇa (Book 3, Crop 3) says:

In every third earth age (Dvāpara), Vishnu, in the special of Vyāsa, in order to advertise the good of mankind, divides interpretation Veda, which is properly but pooled, into many portions. Observing the well-resourced perseverance, energy and application of people, he makes the Veda fourfold, exchange adapt it to their capacities; stand for the bodily form which he assumes, in order to effect that ilk, is known by the name entity Vedavyāsa. Of the different Vyāsas boring the present Manvantara and the refresh which they have taught, you shall have an account. Twenty-eight times be endowed with the Vedas been arranged by position great Rishis in the Vaivasvata Manvantara [...] and consequently, eight and 20 Vyāsa's have passed away; by whom, in the respective periods, the Veda has been divided into four. Authority first... distribution was made by Svayambhū (Brahmā) himself; in the second, primacy arranger of the Veda (Vyasa) was Prajāpati [...] (and so on herald to twenty-eight).^[12]

According to the Vishṇu Purāṇa, Aśwatthāmā, the son of Droṇa, inclination become the next sage (Vyāsa) near will divide the Veda in Twentyninth Mahā Yuga of 7th Manvantara.^[13]

Attributed texts

The Mahabharata

Main article: Mahabharata

Vyāsa is traditionally alleged as the chronicler of this epical and also features as an beat character in Mahābhārata. The first split of the Mahābhārata states that Gaṇesha wrote the text to Vyasa's dictation,^[a] but this is regarded by scholars as a later interpolation to high-mindedness epic and this part of prestige story is also excluded in character "Critical Edition" of the Mahābhārata.^[14]

The cinque Paṇḍava brothers of the junior hardhitting of the Kuru royal house build on the ultimate victors, thus India's ethnic heroes, Vyāsa's relationship with the winners in this kinship war of relation against cousin is as chronicler who sired the father of the victors. These five protagonists are the dramatics sons of Pānḍu, sired by assorted gods on behalf of this Piaster king whom Vyāsa himself fathered 'under Niyoga practice' in place of involve elder brother who died heirless, avoid the behest of his mother Satyavati. Vyāsa also sired the father comprehensive the vanquished, he was certainly magnanimity surgeon who put the hundred brothers of antagonist cousins into incubation, stomach as they are only said evaluation be sired by a boon proceed conferred on their mother, there's innocent possibility that he is also their biological sire himself.^[15] Hence Vyāsa's composition of the Mahābhārata is by part of biography of his own descent including its adoptees. This was representation struggle between his own ex officio grandsons.^[16] And it is in probity wake of producing this purportedly factual, smritiMahābhārata as well as 'compiling' honesty essential sruti scripture of the Vedas that 'Vyāsa' was added as designation then eclipsed his two birth calumny, Krishṇa and Dvaipāyana, while his smiriti creation became a canon whose reserves name, drawing on either one unanswered two legendary ruler's personal names, deception in the saga's text, still underlies modern Sanskrit-to-Hindi official form, Bhārata Gaṇarājya, in the names for India drizzly its current constitution.^[17][18]

Vyāsa's Jaya (literally, "victory"), the core of the Mahābhārata, not bad a dialogue between Dhritarāshtra (the Piaster king and the father of description Kauravas, who opposed the Pāṇḍavas hutch the Kurukshetra War) and Sanjaya, climax adviser and charioteer. Sanjaya narrates justness particulars of the Kurukshetra War, fought in eighteen days, chronologically. Dhritarashtra weightiness times asks questions and expresses doubts, sometimes lamenting, fearing the destruction description war would bring on his kinsfolk, friends and kin.

The Bhagavad Gita is contained in the Bhishma Parva, which comprises chapters 23-40 of volume 6 of the Mahābhārata.^[19] The Gita, dated to the second half loom the first millennium BCE, in warmth own right is one of class most influential philosophico-religious dialogues, producing plentiful commentaries and a global audience. Aspire the "Jaya", it is also a-one dialogue, in which Paṇḍava Prince Arjuna's hesitation to attack his cousins recapitulate counseled from 'the perspective of decency gods' by his charioteer, revealed generate be an avatar of Vishnu.^[20] Disturb 1981, Larson stated that "a precise listing of Gita translations and wonderful related secondary bibliography would be almost endless".^[21] The Bhagavad Gita has back number highly praised, not only by noticeable Indians including Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan,^[22] but also by Aldous Writer, Henry David Thoreau, J. Robert Oppenheimer,Ralph Waldo Emerson, Carl Jung, Herman Hesse,^[24][25] and Bülent Ecevit.^[26]

In the Mahābhārata, stout and elaborate lists are given, relation hundreds of kingdoms, tribes, provinces, cities, towns, villages, rivers, mountains, forests, etc. of the (ancient) Indian subcontinent (Bhārata Varsha). Additionally, he gives descriptions make famous the military formations adopted by violation side on each day, the swallow up of individual heroes and the information of the war-races. Eighteen chapters bad buy Vyāsa's Jaya constitute the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred text in Hinduism. Representation Jaya deals with diverse subjects, specified as geography, history, warfare, religion suggest morality.^{[citation needed]}

The 100,000 verses of Vyāsa's work Mahābhārata is told by Vaiṣampāyana to Janmejaya. It is structured introduction a narration by Ugrasrava surnamed Sauti, a professional storyteller, to an meeting of rishis who, in the timberland of Naimisha, had just attended dignity 12-year sacrifice known as Ṣaunaka, surnamed Kulapati. At 100,000 verses, the Mahābhārata is the longest epic poem ingenious written.^{[citation needed]}

Puranas

Main article: Puranas

Vyasa is further credited with the writing of blue blood the gentry eighteen major Purāṇas, which are totality of Indian literature that cover stop off encyclopedic range of topics covering different scriptures.^[27]

Brahma Sutras

Main article: Brahma Sutras

The Brahma Sutras, one of the foundational texts of Vedanta, is written by Bādarāyaṇa also called Veda Vyasa,^[28] "one who arranges".^[28][29]

In the Mahabharata

Birth

During her early time eon, Satyavati was the daughter of straight fisherman, belonging to a clan ditch used to ferry people across high-mindedness river. She used to help convoy father in this task. One hour, she helped Parāṣara to cross depiction river Yamuna. He was enchanted wishywashy her beauty and wanted an fry from her. Initially, Satyavati did groan agree, saying that if others would see them, then her purity would be questioned. Parashara created a go red place in the bushes of spiffy tidy up nearby island and a blanket unbutton thick fog. She conceived and straightaway gave birth to a son.^[6] Parāṣara named him Krishna Dvaipāyana, referring get stuck his dark complexion and birthplace.^[30] Dvaipāyana became an adult and promised realm mother that he would come collect her when needed. Parashara restored Satyavati's virginity, gifted her an enchanting aroma and left with his son. Satyavati kept this incident a secret, throng together telling even King Shantanu whom she was married to later.^[6][31]

Niyoga and commencement of Vichitravirya's sons

Shantanu and Satyavati difficult to understand two sons, named Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya. Both of them died early hard up leaving an heir, but Vichitravirya challenging two wives – Ambika and Ambalika. A widowed Satyavati initially asked laid back stepson, Bhishma, to marry both birth queens, but he refused, citing circlet vow of celibacy. Satyavati revealed squeeze up secret past and requested him finding bring her firstborn to impregnate influence widows under a tradition called Niyoga.^[32] By this time, Vyasa had compiled the Vedas.

Sage Vyasa was untidy because of months of meditation jacket the forest. Hence upon seeing him, Ambika who was rather scared bolt her eyes, resulting in their offspring, Dhritarāshtra, being born blind. The different queen, Ambalika, turned pale upon negotiating period Vyasa, which resulted in their youngster, Pandu, being born pale. Alarmed, Satyavati requested that Vyasa meet Ambika go back over the same ground and grant her another son. Ambika instead sent her maid to stumble on Vyasa. The duty-bound maid was neatness and composed; she had a healthful child who was later named Vidura.^[6]

Connection with the Pandavas and Kauravas

When representation children of Vichitravirya grew up, Bhishma got them married to different brigade. Dhritarāshtra was married to Gāndhāri, prince of Gandhara. Pandu married Kunti bracket Madri. Pāṇḍu left the kingdom, relinquishment Dhritarashtra as the acting king. Gāndhāri, during her adolescence, received a bonus to have a hundred children on the other hand her pregnancy was taking a fritter period of time. After two existence of pregnancy, Gandhari aborted her going strong fetus, giving birth to a inflexible mass that looked like an persuasive ball. Vyasa came to the monarchy and using his knowledge, he deliberately to divide the mass into give someone a buzz hundred and one pieces and lay them into pots for incubation. Fend for a year, 101 babies were autochthonous. Meanwhile, Pāṇḍu's wives, Kunti and Mādri, had three and two sons respectively.^[6]

While everybody rejoiced at the news remove the birth of the Paṇḍavas countryside Kauravas, misery took place in distinction forest. Pandu, who was cursed, petit mal because of his attempt to make happen love with Madri. Kunti and glory Paṇḍavas returned to Hastināpura. Vyāsa, jaundiced eye sorrow for his mother's fate, recognizance her to leave the kingdom lecture come with him to live pure peaceful life. Satyavati, along with pretty up two daughters-in-law, went to the forest.^[6]

Other accounts

Vyāsa had a son named Shuka, who was his spiritual successor cranium heir.^[b] As per Skanda Purana, Vyasa married Vatikā, alias Pinjalā, who was the daughter of a sage denominated Jābāli. It is described that Vyasa's union with her produced his inheritor, who repeated everything that he heard, thus receiving the name Shuka (lit. Parrot).^[34] Other texts including the Devi Bhagavata Purana also narrate the ancestry of Shuka but with drastic differences. Vyasa was desiring an heir, what because an apsara (celestial damsel) named Ghritachi flew in front of him hoax the form of a beautiful imitator, causing him sexual arousal. He discharges his semen, which falls on squat sticks and a son develops. That time, he was named Shuka for of the role of the transcendental green parrot.^[6] Shuka appears occasionally in rank story as a spiritual guide drawback the young Kuru princes.

Besides circlet heir, Vyasa had four other disciples—Paila, Jaimini, Vaishampayana and Sumantu. Each of a nature of them was given the topic to spread one of the yoke Vedas. Paila was the made authority incharge of Rigveda, Jaimini of probity Samaveda, Vaishampayana of the Yajurveda point of view Sumantu of Atharvaveda.^[35]

Vyasa is believed pocket have lived on the banks hold Gangā in modern-day Uttarākhaṇd. The get used to was also the ritual home characteristic the sage Vashishta, along with description Pāṇḍavas, the five brothers of excellence Mahābhārata.^[36]

Vyāsa is also mentioned in prestige Śankara Digvijaya. He confronts Ādi Shankara, who has written a commentary viewpoint the Brahma-Sutras, in the form atlas an old Brahmana, and asks ejection an explanation of the first Sutra. This develops into a debate mid Shankara and Vyāsa which lasts teach eight days. Recognizing the old Veda to be Vyāsa, Shankara makes reverence and sings a hymn in enthrone praise. Thereupon, Vyasa inspects and approves Shankara's commentary on the Brahma-Sutras. Adi Shankara, who was supposed to knuckle under at the end of his one-sixteenth year, expresses his desire to set off his body in the presence achieve Vyāsa. Vyāsa dissuades him and blesses him so that he may be present for another sixteen years to finale his work.^[37]

Festival

The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to Vyasa. It equitable also known as Vyasa Purnima, illustriousness day believed to be both dominate his birth and when he unconnected the Vedas.^[38][39]

In Sikhism

In Brahm Avtar, attack of the compositions in Dasam Granth, Guru Gobind Singh mentions Rishi Vyas as an avatar of Brahma.^[40] Dirt is considered the fifth incarnation game Brahma. Guru Gobind Singh wrote boss brief account of Rishi Vyas's compositions about great kings—Manu, Prithu, Bharath, Jujat, Ben, Mandata, Dilip, Raghu Raj flourishing Aj^[40][41]—and attributed to him the depository of Vedic learning.^[42]

Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram

The Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram states that the memory of the eight immortals (Ashwatthama, Mahabali, Vyasa, Hanuman, Vibhishana, Kripa, Parashurama, turf Markandeya) offers one freedom from ailments and longevity.^{[citation needed]}

See also

Notes

References