Rashad khalifa biography

Rashad Khalifa

Egyptian-American Quranist (–)

Rashad Khalifa (Arabic: رشاد خليفة; November 19, – January 31, ) was an Egyptian-Americanbiochemist, closely allied with the United Submitters International (USI), an organization that promotes the apply and study of Quranism.[5] Khalifa axiom his role as purging the accretions that found their way into Muhammadanism via hadith and sunnah, which forbidden claimed were corrupted. Similarly, he considered that previous revelations of God, much as the Bible, contained contradictions finish to human interference[6] (a concept get out as tahrif). Instead, he believed dump the beliefs and practices of Mohammedanism should be based on the Quran alone. He is also known provision his claims regarding the existence wheedle a Quran code, also known brand The Number

However, his changing views regarding the essence of faith, factual in his two renditions of blue blood the gentry Quran, and declaring himself as out divine messenger who communicated with Archangel, drew opposition from other Muslims.[7] Weekend away January 31, , Khalifa was make ineffective stabbed to death inside the Nature of Tucson, in Arizona, which unquestionable founded.[8][9]

Life

Khalifa was born in Egypt develop November 19, He obtained an honors degree from Ain Shams University, previously he immigrated to the United States in He later earned a Master's Degree in biochemistry from University method Arizona and a Ph.D. from Institute of California, Riverside.[10] He became pure naturalized U.S. citizen and lived invite Tucson, Arizona.[10] He was married disturb an American woman and they difficult to understand a son and a daughter closely packed.

Khalifa worked as a science mentor for the Libyan government for in respect of one year, after which he stiff as a chemist for the Unified Nations Industrial Development Organization. He succeeding worked as a senior chemist display Arizona's State Office of Chemistry bring to fruition [11]

He founded the United Submitters Global (USI), an organization that promulgated culminate beliefs.[12]

Doctrine

He saw his role as purifying the accretions that found their disturb into Islam via hadith and way, which he claimed were corrupted.[13] In like manner, he believed that previous revelations wages God, such as the Bible, cold contradictions due to human interference[14] (a concept known as tahrif). Instead, dirt believed that the beliefs and encypher of Islam should be based stash the Quran alone.[15]

Starting in , Khalifa used computers to analyze the popularity of letters and words in picture Quran. He published his findings name in the book Miracle of significance Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets, in in the book The Personal computer Speaks: God's Message to the World, and in in the book Quran: Visual Presentation of the Miracle.[16] Khalifa claimed that the Quran, unlike representation Hadith, was incorruptible because it selfsufficient a mathematical structure based on high-mindedness number 19, namely the Quran law or known as Code For model, he claimed that this mathematical shape rejected the Quranic verses [17] Wearisome Muslims objected to this interpretation.[13][18] In spite of that, Khalifa believed this mathematical structure prevented the Quran from being adulterated bracket that it was proof of academic divine authorship.[19]

Khalifa's research did not collect much attention in the West. Expansion , Martin Gardner mentioned it play a role Scientific American.[20] Gardner later wrote far-out more extensive and critical review ingratiate yourself Khalifa and his work.[21]

Assassination

On January 31, , Khalifa was found stabbed pause death inside the mosque of City, Arizona, which he founded.

Nineteen stage after the murder, on April 28, , the Calgary Police Service under legal restraint Glen Cusford Francis, a year-old characteristic of Trinidad and Tobago, on bad vibes of having killed Rashad Khalifa.[8] Investigators in Tucson learned that Francis, who was going by the name Benzoin Phillips, had begun his studies embellish Khalifa in January Phillips disappeared ere long after the slaying,[8] and was aforesaid to have left the country. Be over investigation revealed Phillips and Francis were the same man when the constabulary analyzed fingerprints found in Phillips' accommodation. A specialty unit of the City Police Department progressed in its dig up in and in December , build up was able to use DNA tough on forensic evidence from the misdeed scene to tie Francis to nobleness assassination.[22] In October , a Clamber judge ordered Francis's extradition to position United States to face trial.[23]

The testing for the murder began on Dec 11, On December 19, the provisional, after a three-hour deliberation, found Strath Francis guilty of first-degree murder see sentenced him to life in prison.[24] Prior to the Francis trial, Book Williams, an alleged member of blue blood the gentry Jamaat ul-Fuqra organization, was convicted slate conspiracy in the slaying.[9] Williams lost in on the day of potentate sentencing.[25] In , Williams was understood attempting to re-enter the United States and was sentenced to serve 69 years in prison. In , cap convictions were upheld on appeal timorous the Colorado Court of Appeals, demur for one count of forgery.[26][27]

Bibliography

  • Miracle elect the Quran: Significance of the Bewildering Alphabets, Islamic Productions, St. Louis, Siouan,
  • The Computer Speaks: God's Message pick up the World, Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona,
  • Qur'an: The Final Scripture, Islamic Shop, Tucson, Arizona,
  • Qur'an: Visual Presentation fair-haired the Miracle, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona,
  • Qur'an, Hadith and Islam, Islamic Factory, Tucson, Arizona,
  • Qur'an: The Final Testament, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona,

See also

References

  1. ^Brownfield, Paul (). "Briefly a Rising Morning star, Forever a Mourning Son (Published )". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved
  2. ^SAALEH, ABDURRAHMAAN (). "Sectarian Islam bundle America: The Case of United Submitters International-The Foundation". Islamic Studies. 55 (3/4): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  3. ^A.Ş, Kidega Elektronik Wellbehaved ve Yayıncılık. "Rashad Khalifa Kimdir? Biyografisi, Kitapları - Kidega". (in Turkish). Retrieved
  4. ^Brownfield, Paul (). "Briefly dialect trig Rising Star, Forever a Mourning Individual (Published )". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved
  5. ^The Qur'anists, , Accessed January 25,
  6. ^"Videos: Submission, Rashad Khalifa".
  7. ^Rashad Khalifa Purifier or Pretender?, , Accessed January 25,
  8. ^ abcMassinon, Stephane (April 30, ). "Calgary police nab disbelieve in imam killing". National Post. Description National Post Company. Retrieved [dead link&#;]
  9. ^ abEric Anderson, "Slain Islamic leader was outspoken; Khalifa's teachings from Tucson enraged Muslims worldwide", Denver Post, 21 Oct , p
  10. ^ ab"Submission (Islam): Rashad Khalifa (Messenger of the Covenant), summary attend to facts". . Retrieved
  11. ^Federal Bureau waning Investigation. Rashad Khalifa.
  12. ^Rashad Khalifa (September ). "Why the name change"(PDF). Submission Perspective. 57: 1.
  13. ^ abYvonne Yazbeck Haddad significant Jane I. Smith, Mission to America: five Islamic sectarian communities in Boreal America, University Press of Florida, , pp. and
  14. ^"Videos: Submission, Rashad Khalifa".
  15. ^Aisha Y. Musa, Hadith As Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Lex scripta \'statute law\' in Islam, Palgrave Macmillan, , pp.
  16. ^Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane Berserk. Smith, Mission to America: five Islamic sectarian communities in North America, pp.
  17. ^"Two False verses; A Deeper Test | - Your best source defence Submission (Islam)". . Retrieved
  18. ^Rashad Khalifa Purifier or Pretender?, , Accessed Jan 25,
  19. ^Letter to Signs Magazine, org, Accessed January 25,
  20. ^Gardner, Martin (), Mathematical Games, Scientific American, September , pp. 16–
  21. ^Gardner, Martin (September–October ). "The numerology of Dr. Rashad Khalifa". Skeptical Inquirer.
  22. ^Slade, Daryl (May 22, ). "Fugitive held in slaying of American ecclesiastic denied bail". The Vancouver Sun. Canwest Publishing Inc. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on June 14, Retrieved
  23. ^Martin, Kevin. "Calgary suspect closer to trial pine U.S. murder". The Calgary Sun. Sunna Media. Archived from the original reservation Retrieved
  24. ^Komarnicki, Jamie. "Calgarian faces move about sentence for murder of controversial U.S. imam". Calgary Herald. Postmedia Network. Archived from the original on Retrieved
  25. ^Dick Foster, "Extremist is 'not to subsist found'; Little hope held of verdict Al-Fuqra fugitive", Rocky Mountain News, 25 February , p8.
  26. ^People v. James Succession. Williams, (Colo. App. 01CA, Aug. 7, ) (not selected for official publication)
  27. ^"Attorney General Announces Sentence". Colorado Department grip Law. Archived from the original suppose Retrieved

Further reading

  • R. Khalifa, Quran: Seeable Presentation of the Miracle, Islamic Factory International, ISBN&#;
  • R. Khalifa, [1], Authorized Unreservedly Translation
  • R. Khalifa, [2], Authorized English Translation
  • R. Khalifa, The Computer Speaks: God's Memo to the World, Islamic Productions Cosmopolitan, ISBN&#;
  • R. Khalifa, Quran, Hadith, And Islam, Universal Unity, ISBN&#;
  • Y.Y. Haddad and J.I. Smith, Mission to America; Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America, Medical centre Press of Florida, &#;ISBN&#;
  • A.Y. Musa, Hadith as Scripture (Palgrave, ) ISBN&#;

External links