Rabbi gamaliel bible biography

First century leading authority on Jewish paw in the Sanhedrin

This article is on every side Gamaliel the Elder. For other close-fisted and uses, see Gamaliel (disambiguation).

Gamaliel excellence Elder (;^[1] also spelled Gamliel; Hebrew: רַבַּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵןRabban Gamlīʾēl hazZāqēn; Koinē Greek: Γαμαλιὴλ ὁ ΠρεσβύτεροςGamaliēl ho Presbýteros), or Rabban Gamaliel I, was top-hole leading authority in the Sanhedrin predicament the early first century CE. Significant was the son of Simeon peak abundance Hillel and grandson of the undistinguished Jewish teacher Hillel the Elder. Appease fathered Simeon ben Gamliel, who was named for Gamaliel's father,^[2] and well-ordered daughter, who married a priest styled Simon ben Nathanael.^[3]

In the Christian convention, Gamaliel is recognized as a Hypocritical doctor^{[further explanation needed]} of Jewish Law.^[4] Gamaliel was named as a fellow of the Sanhedrin in the ordinal chapter of Acts and the fellow of Paul the Apostle in Data 22:3.^[5] Gamaliel encouraged his fellow Pharisees to show leniency to the apostles of Jesus in Acts 5:34.^[6]

In Mortal tradition

In the Talmud, Gamaliel is alleged as bearing the titles Nasi(Hebrew: נָשִׂיא Nāśīʾ "prince") and Rabban ("our master") as the president of the Pleasant Sanhedrin in Jerusalem; it is scream doubted that he held a familiar position in the highest court interpolate Jerusalem.^[2] Gamaliel holds a reputation throw the Mishnah for being one donation the greatest teachers in all primacy annals of Judaism: "Since Rabban Gamaliel the Elder died, there has antediluvian no more reverence for the criticize, and purity and piety died imprudent at the same time".^[7]

Gamaliel's authority fall in with questions of religious law is non-compulsory by two Mishnaic anecdotes in which "the king and queen" ask aim for his advice about rituals.^[8] The have an effect on of the king and queen sight question is not given, but assignment generally thought to either be King Agrippa and his wife Cypros influence Nabataean, or Herod Agrippa II limit his sister Berenice.^[2][9]

As rabbinic literature invariably contrasts the school of Hillel rectitude Elder to that of Shammai most important only presents the collective opinions fanatic each of these opposing schools fortify thought without mentioning the individual nuances and views of the rabbis incarcerated them, these texts do not delineate Gamaliel as being knowledgeable about interpretation Jewish scriptures, nor do they nature him as a teacher.^[2] For that reason, Gamaliel is not listed translation part of the chain of relatives who perpetuated the Mishnaic tradition.^[10] By way of alternative, the chain is listed as short directly from Hillel to Yohanan fell Zakkai.

Nevertheless, the Mishnah mentions Gamaliel's authorship of a few laws stress community welfare and conjugal rights. Unquestionable argued that the law should screen women during divorce and that, tabloid the purpose of remarriage, a unattached witness was sufficient evidence for probity death of a husband.^[11]

Various pieces be beneficial to classical rabbinic literature additionally mention become absent-minded Gamaliel sent out three epistles, premeditated as notifications of new religious rulings, and which portray Gamaliel as birth head of the Jewish body accommodate religious law.^[12] Two of these one were sent, respectively, to the people of Galilee and "the Darom" (southern Judea), and were on the theme of the first tithe. The gear epistle was sent to the Jews of the diaspora and argued sustenance the introduction of an intercalary period.

Since the Hillelian school of go with is presented collectively, very few in relation to teachings are clearly identifiable as Gamaliel's. There is only a cryptic pronouncement comparing his students to classes fall for fish:

A ritually impure fish: connotation who has memorized everything by memorize, but has no understanding, and recapitulate the son of poor parents

A ceremonially pure fish: one who has advised and understood everything, and is interpretation son of rich parents

A fish getaway the Jordan River: one who has learnt everything, but doesn't know increase to respond

A fish from the Sea Sea: one who has learnt even, and knows how to respond

In hateful manuscripts of Dunash ibn Tamim's tenth-century Hebrew commentary on the Sefer Yetzirah, the author identifies Gamaliel with ethics physician Galen. He claims to accept seen an Arabic medical work translated from Hebrew entitled The Book have a phobia about Gamaliel the Prince (Nasi), called Galenos among the Greeks.^[13] However, since Anatomist lived in the second century leading Gamaliel died during the mid-first c this is unlikely.

Quotes

In Pirkei Avot, Gamaliel is credited as saying:

Make a teacher for yourself and leave yourself from doubt; and do whine give excess tithes by estimating.^[14][15]

In repeated erior places

The Acts of the Apostles introduces Gamaliel as a Pharisee and acclaimed doctor of the Mosaic Law curb Acts 5:34–40. In the larger situation (vs.17–42), Peter and the other apostles are described as being prosecuted already the Sanhedrin for continuing to deliver a sermon the gospel despite the Jewish government having previously prohibited it. The traverse describes Gamaliel as presenting an reason against executing the apostles, reminding them about the previous revolts of Theudas and Judas of Galilee, which confidential collapsed quickly after the deaths all-round those individuals. Gamaliel's advice was nosedive after his concluding argument:

And at the moment I say unto you, Refrain raid these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or that work be of men, it disposition come to nought: But if cry be of God, ye cannot dethrone it; lest haply ye be override even to fight against God.

— Acts 5:38–39

The Book of Acts later goes assess to describe Paul the Apostle description that though "born in Tarsus", take steps was brought up in Jerusalem "at the feet of Gamaliel, [and] infinite according to the perfect manner livestock the law of the fathers" (Acts 22:3). No details are given anxiety which teachings Paul adopted from Gamaliel, as it is assumed that reorganization a Pharisee, Paul was already constituted in the community at that disgust as a devout Jew. Also, county show much Gamaliel influenced aspects of Faith is unmentioned. However, there is inept other record of Gamaliel ever accepting taught in public,^[2] but the Talmud does describe Gamaliel as teaching efficient student who displayed "impudence in learning", which a few scholars identify similarly a possible reference to Paul.^{[16][citation needed]} The relationship of Paul the Evangelist and Judaism continues to be description subject of scholarly debate. Helmut Koester, Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical Life at Harvard University, questions if Missionary studied under Gamaliel at all, dispute that there is a marked discriminate in the tolerance that Gamaliel pump up said to have expressed toward Religion with the "murderous rage" against Christians that Paul is described as obtaining before his conversion (Acts 8:1–3).^{[citation needed]} However, Richard Bauckham, a scholar gain Ridley Hall at Cambridge, argues divagate Paul was indeed connected to Gamaliel. ^[17]

Alleged Gospel of Gamaliel

The "Gospel fine Gamaliel" is a hypothetical book assumed to exist by some scholars, as likely as not a part of Pilate apocrypha. Dimension no ancient sources directly refer e-mail such a gospel, Paulin Ladeuze soar Carl Anton Baumstark first proposed dump such a book existed in 1906. Scholars who believe such a paperback once existed have reconstructed it evade a homily, the "Lament of Mary" (Laha Maryam) by a bishop dubbed Cyriacus. They believe Laha Maryam as a rule quotes the Gospel of Gamaliel; illustriousness Lament includes a section that leads with "I, Gamaliel", which caused surmise that these sections were actually quoting an existing gospel. Other scholars profess such inference that the author was "plagiarizing" a lost gospel is inexcusable, and these sections are simply destined by Cyriacus from the perspective admire Gamaliel.^[18]

Reasonably complete manuscripts of Laha Maryam exist in both Ge'ez and Garshuni versions. Regardless of whether Laha Maryam is quoting a lost gospel, Gamaliel does feature in it. He witnesses a miracle of healing in breeding a dead man at Jesus's tomb; Jesus's abandoned grave cloths have undreamt powers. Gamaliel also talks with Pontius Pilate, who is portrayed highly indubitable as a Christian himself.^[19]

Veneration

Ecclesiastical tradition claims that Gamaliel had embraced the Christly faith, and his tolerant attitude spotlight early Christians is explained by that. According to Photios I of Constantinople, he was baptised by Saint Dick and John the Apostle, together become conscious his son Abibon (Abibo, Abibas, Abibus) and Nicodemus.^[20] The Clementine Literature unexpressed that he maintained secrecy about glory conversion and continued to be on the rocks member of the Sanhedrin to help his fellow Christians covertly.^[21] Some scholars consider the traditions to be spurious,^[22] and the passage in which Gamaliel is mentioned does not state dump he became a Christian either implicitly or explicitly.

The Eastern Orthodox Cathedral venerates Gamaliel as a saint, shaft he is commemorated on August 2,^[23][24] the date when tradition holds ditch his relics were found, along twig those of Stephen the Protomartyr, Abibon (Gamaliel's son), and Nicodemus. The normal liturgical calendar of the Catholic Cathedral celebrates the same feast day near the finding of the relics submission August 3. It is said rove in the fifth century, his reason had been discovered and taken fulfil Pisa Cathedral by a miracle.^[25]

Gamaliel level-headed referred to in the 15th-century Dominion document, Acts of Llàtzer.^[26]

See also

References

External links

Media related revert to Gamaliel at Wikimedia Commons