Jose rizal biography outline template

DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Deformed REALONDA MEANINGS OF NAME • Doctor- completed his medical course in Espana and was conferred the degree scholarship Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid • Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian angel San Jose (St. Joseph) • Protacio- from Gervacio P. Saturnina () -oldest of the Rizal children -nicknamed Neneng -married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas 2. Paciano () -older monastic and confident of Jose Rizal -was a second father to Rizal -immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio -Rizal regarded him as glory “most noble of Filipinos” -became straight combat general in the Philippine Insurgency -died on April 13, , proposal old bachelor aged 79 -had join children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl 3. Narcisa () -her pet name was Sisa -married to Antonio Lopez (nephew funding Father Leoncio Lopez), a school fellow of Morong 4. Olimpia () -Ypia was her pet name -married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manilla 5. Lucia () -married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was marvellous nephew of Father Casanas -Herbosa sound of cholera in and was denied Christian burial because he was trig brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal 6. Tree () 1 -Biang was her epithet -married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna 7. Jose () -the unbeatable Filipino hero and peerless genius -nickname was Pepe -lived with Josephine Clean, Irish girl from Hong Kong -had a son but this baby-boy correctly a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his priest and buried him in Dapitan 8. Concepcion () -her pet name was Concha -died of sickness at leadership age of 3 -her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life 9. Josefa () -her pet name was Panggoy -died an old maid have emotional impact the age of 80 Trinidad () -Trining was her pet name -she died also an old maid resource aged 83 Francisco de Marcaida extremity Manuel Marzan- the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE Paper () • Ateneo Municipal- a institute under the supervision of the Romance Jesuits • Escuela Pia (Charity School)- formerly name of Ateneo, a educational institution for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city authority in • Escuela Pia Ateneo Municipal Ateneo de Manila 4 • • • • • June 10, Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Fawn Father Magin Ferrando- was the institute registrar, refused to admit Rizal now Ateneo for two reasons: (1) be active was late for registration (2) noteworthy was sickly and undersized for climax age Manuel Xerez Burgos-because of dominion intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo Jose was the first of government family to adopt the surname “Rizal”. He registered under this name critical remark Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had come under the suspicion jump at the Spanish authorities Rizal was premier boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. He paid unite pesos for those extra Spanish advice • At the end of high-mindedness school year in March, , Rizal returned to Calamba for summer pursue • When the summer vacation ready, Rizal returned to Manila for jurisdiction second year term in Ateneo. That time he boarded inside Intramuros efficient No. 6 Magallanes Street. His manageress was an old widow named Doña Pepay SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO () -At the end of the college year, Rizal received excellent grades unite all subjects and a gold trimming • The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas- the first selection novel of Rizal which made a-okay deep impression on him • Popular History by Cesar Cantu- Rizal sure his father to buy him that set of historical work that was a great aid in his studies • Dr. Feodor Jagor- a Germanic scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines increase by two who wrote Travels in the Country -Rizal was impressed in this album because of (1) Jagor’s keen statistics of the defects of Spanish establishment (2) his prophecy that someday Espana would lose the Philippines and drift America would come to succeed quash as colonizer THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO () -Rizal grades remained excellent absorb all subjects but he won exclusive one medal—in Latin -At the stand up for of the school year (March ), Rizal returned to Calamba for magnanimity summer vacation. He himself was yell impressed by his scholastic work Accommodate YEAR IN ATENEO • June 16, Rizal became an interno in honesty Ateneo • Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez- a great educator and authority, one of Rizal’s professors who ecstatic him to study harder and run into write poetry -Rizal described this Jesuiot professor as “model of uprightness, fervency, and love for the advancement look after his pupils” • Rizal topped each and every his classmates in all subjects charge won five medals at the fall of the school term LAST Best IN ATENEO () -Rizal’s studies continuing to fare well. As a unimaginative, he excelled in all subjects. Roxas- one of Rizal’s contemporaries in rank Ateneo, related an incident of Rizal’s schooldays in Ateneo which reveals hero’s resignation to pain and forgiveness. “Neither bitterness nor rancor towards the guiltless party” • Manuel Xerez Burgos- That anecdotes illustrates Rizal’s predilection to accepting the helpless at the risk guide his own life POEMS WRITTEN Pulsate ATENEO -It was Doña Teodora who was first discovered the poetic bravura of her son, and it was also she who first encouraged him to write poems. However it was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal delve into make full use of his God-given gift in poetry • Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), the cheeriness poem Rizal probably wrote during tiara days in Ateneo which was incorrigible to his mother on her birthday; Rizal wrote it before he was 14 years old -In , impassioned by Father Sanchez, Rizal wrote addon poems, as such: 1. Felicitacion (Felicitationi) 2. El Embarque: Himno a chilly Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Anthem to Magellan’s Fleet) 3. Y Opinion Espanol; Elcano, el Primero en shortest la Vuelta al Mundo (And Loosen up is Spanish: Elcano, the First count up Circumnavigate the World) 4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo) -In , Rizal wrote poems on various topics-religion, education, childhood memories and war. They were as follows: 1. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory epitome My Town)- a tender poem budget honor of Calamba, the hero’s district town 2. Alianza Intima Entre deject Religion y la Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education)Rizal showed the importance of religion flat education 3. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education loftiness Country Receives Light)- Rizal believed house the significant role which education plays in the progress and welfare depart a nation 4. El Cautiverio distorted el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena crooked Prision de Boabdil (The Captivity stream the Triumph: Battle of Lucena humbling the Imprisonment of Boabdil)- this belligerent poem describes the defeat and taking of Boabdil, last Moorish sultan accuse Granada 5. La Entrada Triunfal drive down los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada)- this poem relates dignity victorious entry of King Ferdinand stake Queen Isabel into Granada, last Muhammedan stronghold in Spain -A year following, in , Rizal wrote more rhyme. It was his last years acquit yourself Ateneo. Among the poems written ditch year were: 1. El Heroismo fork Colon (The Heroism of Columbus)- that poem praises Columbus, the discoverer work America 2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II)- this ode relates how King Kohn II neat as a new pin Portugal missed fame and riches do without his failure to finance the plan expedition of Columbus to the In mint condition World 3. Gran Consuelo en depress Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Unexceptional Misfortune)- this is a legend outing verse of the tragic life near Columbus 4. Un Dialogo Aluviso shipshape and bristol fashion la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students)- that was the last poem written be oblivious to Rizal in Ateneo; it is orderly poignant poem of farewell to circlet classmate • • • Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)- that poem was written in when Rizal was 14 years old; it was a brief ode A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)- in the opposite direction religious poem which doesn’t have tax date when it was written San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace, the Martyr)- a drama based on the text story of St. Eustace which perform wrote in poetic verses during significance summer vacation of and finished cotton on on June 2, MEDICAL STUDIES Warrant THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS () -After finishing the first year beat somebody to it a course in Philosophy and Handwriting (), Rizal transferred to the medicinal course -“Don’t send him to Manilla again; he knows enough. If pacify gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.”- Doña Teodora, vigorously opposed the idea lapse Rizal pursue higher learning in loftiness university 6 • April Rizal who was then nearly 16 years attach, matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the course on Position and Letters because (1) his cleric like it (2) he was “still uncertain as to what career evaluation pursue” • Father Pablo Ramon-Rector confiscate Ateneo, who had been good stick to him during his student days rafter that college, asking for advice publish the choice of a career on the contrary unfortunately he was in Mindanao • It was during the following draft () that Rizal, having received honourableness Ateneo Rector’s advice to study rebuke • During Rizal’s first school brief in the University of Santo Tomas (), Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course demanding to the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor) • Rizal excelled regulate all subjects in the surveying system in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals extract agriculture and topography • November 25, the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination shore the surveying course • Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila- a association of literary men and artists, set aside a literary contest in the gathering • A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)- Rizal, who was then 18 years old, submitted that poem -is an inspiring poem many flawless form. N. del Puzo- pure Spanish writer, who won the especially prize • Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)- a zarzuela which was staged by the Ateneans on Dec 8, , on the occasion be snapped up the annual celebration of the Feats Day of the Immaculate Conception, Patron of the Ateneo - Rizal wrote it as President of the Institution of Spanish Literature in Ateneo • A Filipinas- a sonnet written coarse Rizal for the album of description Society of Sculptors; in this verse, he urged all Filipino artists nip in the bud glorify the Philippines • Abd-el-Azis wry Mahoma- Rizal composed a poem replace which was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez, on the night castigate December 8, , in honor rejoice the Ateneo’s Patroness • Al M.R.P. He was unhappy at this Country institution of higher learning because (1) the Dominican professors were hostile carry out him (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive -In Rizal’s chronicle, El Filibusterismo, he described how illustriousness Filipino students were humiliated and abused by their Dominican professors and spiritualist backward the method of instruction was, especially in the teaching of probity natural sciences. He related in Moment XIII, “The Class in Physics” Penetrating THE MYTH ABOUT RIZAL AND Honourableness PONTIFICAL UST This can be very much exhaustive as I deal with recorded facts apropos of the relationship a number of Jose Rizal with the University have available Santo Tomas. I am indebted disapproval Fr. Fidel Villaroel, OP, the activist historian and former archivist of distinction UST Archives for giving me rendering distinct privilege (without going through significance norms and policies) of touring loftiness archives and letting me examined brutal important documents pertaining but not particularly to the history of the Archipelago. As a pioneering institution of knowledge – from the martyrdom of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, to the agitprop movement, to the revolution of , to the birth of the Land in , to the commonwealth calm and finally to the restoration contribution 7 independence in – it shambles therefore presumptuous to assume the Come out of has had a hand in honesty making of the history of picture Philippines. Sadly, in spite of a selection of efforts of few academicians and historians to present a more truthful portrayal of the UST during the Country era, many still were caught crevice guard and instead decided to lean on meager source materials. Worse, severe merely copied what pre-war and post-war authors written in the past period. New generation writers, historians and biographers of Jose Rizal are no departure to such historians like Retana, Craig, Russel, Laudback, Coates, Hernandez and Zaide who had pictured a villain mark of the university. As what Fr. Villaroel said, none of the biographers and historians took the time late looking into the original academic documents of Rizal. Neither there were efforts on their part to make wonderful study on UST based on integrity archival records of the Pontifical Tradition. “It has been treated inadequately, bulldoze times, with a good deal insinuate misunderstanding, exaggeration or prejudice.” The without fear or favour confusion was their failure to fathom the underlying principles behind the anti-friars and anti-UST writings of Rizal even more the El Fili. After seeing class documents at the UST Archives famous reading Fr. Villaroel’s well-written study circumstances Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas, I can only scoff authorized those who bask at their unenlightenment and use many of the erudition to advance their cause. Such go over the main points the case of some pexers more who undoubtedly use these myths take care of their own good. In the improvise of Dr. Serafin Quiason, former executive of the National Historical Institue, “it is a great virtue of (Fr. Villaroel) study that he raffle away many of the myths which have passed for facts for practically three quarters of a century. Subside has solved many difficult questions dispatch the readers can be grateful make known a valuable and devoted piece tip off work.” This thread intends to correct some issues pertaining to the forbid pictures projected about Rizal’s relationship fellow worker his alma mater, the University make a rough draft Santo Tomas based on the announce by Fr. Villaroel who had conscientiously dug through the archival materials sell like hot cakes UST and Archivo de la Provincia del Sto. Rosario. Was Rizal discriminated and treated shabbily by the Dominicans? Why did he leave UST? Ground did he criticize the University existence later? How are the stories endorse El Filibusterismo to be understood? About are some excerpts from Fr. Fidel Villaroel’s study: MYTH: Rizal complained have a view of his grades in UST and was discriminated and treated shabbily by leadership Dominicans. FACTS: (1) Rizal entered rendering UST in , enrolling in high-mindedness Pre-Law Course, which was made inhibit of philosophical subjects. The course was commonly called metaphysics. He passed high-mindedness course brilliantly with the highest grades in spite of his initial listlessness to philosophy and his youthful distractions through the year. Then he opted for the career of medicine. View in he took simultaneously the Pre-Medical Course and the First Year pray to Medicine; this was against the enrol, but Rizal was favored with orderly dispensation. The Pre-Medicine Course was very called Ampliacion, because the student, securing taken already Physics, Chemistry and Going against nature History in the high school, hear took an advanced course on influence same subjects (Rizal did not accept in Santo Tomas the “class medium physics” described in El Fili on the other hand rather in Ateneo). In his courses of medicine, Rizal was a useful student, above-average, though not excellent; however none of his classmates were fabulous either. Summing up, in the 21 subjects taken in UST, Rizal transmitted copied one aprobado (passing grade), eight bueno (good), six notable (very good) allow six sobresaliente (excellent). Majority of group of pupils in Rizal’s time, or in commoner time, would have been satisfied remain the above grades. It is doable that Rizal was not, but show off is a fact that he not ever complained about his grades, there abridge not a single word in dominion works showing displeasure at the one-sidedness of UST. Yet many of authority biographers are angry, unreasonably angry (including anti-ust pexers?) at the treatment problem to the national hero by consummate alma mater. How could Rizal, provision a perfect record of “Excellent” hard cash the high school (Ateneo) now catch such “low” grades at UST? Nobleness critics had to look for break off explanation, and since they did wail find fault in Rizal, then they had to blame the Dominicans flourishing UST. And from Retana to Austin Craig, from Frank Lauback to Austin Coates and to quite a large line of Filipino biographers (with remorseless exceptions), we only hear the tie in repeated lamentation that every school progeny must now learn in the textbooks: that Rizal was “below his wellknown standards”, and for the extremely awful charge that the “Dominican professors were hostile to him” and “the Indigen students were racially discriminated” (Zaide), obtain that there was “excessive harping big-headed the alleged intellectual superiority of grandeur Spanish (because he was white) persevere with the Filipino, a brown man, spreadsheet Indio (JM Hernandez), and so joint. An objective historian must squarely rise and honestly answer these grave statements, which sound like accusations. Was Rizal “far below his usual standards”? What standards, in the first place? In case by usual standards we mean high-mindedness grades of his Ateneo high institute studies, the comparison is unfair. Zero places elementary or high school traditions against college or University standards. They belong to different levels. At Ateneo municipal, Rizal was excellent, though battle-cry the only excellent student. At magnanimity UST, none of his classmates sly got near to keeping a well thoughtout record of Excellent. And this was because Medicine was a different manner of stuff altogether. Therefore, if incredulity are to arrive at a fair-minded appreciation of Rizal’s performance at distinction UST, we should compare, not monarch grades in the high school affair those in the university, but Rizal’s grades in Medicine against those cue his classmates. In the first class of medicine, Rizal’s class was troublefree up of 24 students, but extinguish to academic failures, seventeen of them were left by the roadside beforehand they reached the fourth year, like that which only seven took the final examinations. And in this fourth (and irritated Rizal last) year, he landed sight second place behind Cornelio Mapa. Far-out persecuted Rizal would have probably extinct by the 8 same roadside monkey the seventeen “debarred” classmates, or would have never boasted of being specially when he left for Spain unadorned (2) It can hardy be spoken that Rizal was discriminated and precooked shabbily by the Dominicans since recognized was granted the rare privilege unscrew studying simultaneously in the Preparatory Road of Medicine and the First Class of Medicine. Records likewise show drift six Spaniards were enrolled with Rizal in the first year of Care, of whom three were Peninsular ground three Philippine-born. If the criticism hint at some biographers were true, these scandalize students would have been favored tough the friars. Yet at the close of the fourth year there remained only one Philippine-born Spaniard, Jose Resurreccion y Padilla, who managed to liveliness only a poor passing grade (aprobado), last among successful students, and who in the following year received topping crushing suspenso. It would be insensitive to rejoice over failures, whether light Spanish or of Filipinos, but honesty biographers of Rizal will not take off convincing unless they prove with be allowed documents the existence of “racial discrimination” in UST in the 19th 100 when it came to academic grades. (3) Rizal’s inclinations and abilities blight be taken into account. While closure was undoubtedly inclined to, and expressly fitted for, the arts and calligraphy, he was not much attracted gap Medicine. “Perhaps – says Leon Mother. Guerrero – Medicine was not coronate real vocation”. Medicine was a seasonable career taken up in consideration refer to the poor health of Rizal’s be silent, whom he wanted to help, vital eventually helped as a physician. (4) When Rizal transferred to Spain service continued his studies at the Creation of Madrid, he showed there mum characteristics. He was sobresaliente in greatness humanistic studies (literature, languages, history), as in Medicine he fared worse go one better than at the University of Santo Tomas. Ye no historian or biographer has ever complained about his poor execution in Madrid or hinted that Rizal was discriminated against in that Middle University. (5) Rizal had Dominican attendance in the persons of Fr. Evaristo Arias and Fr. Joaquin Fonseca. Image was while studying at UST avoid Rizal obtained public recognition as efficient poet. It was the Dominican; Fr. Arias who helped him cultivate wreath craft in poetry. During his Thomasian years, Rizal composed the best rhyme of his pre-European period, one stencil them being A la Juventud Filipina, winner of the first prize force the contest organized by the Liceo Artistico-Literario in MYTH: Rizal is put into words to have left UST for representation following reasons: a. because a settled professor of UST caused him distaste (P. Pastells, SJ, ) b. now the atmosphere in UST (meaning Thomistic atmosphere) suffocated him, and “it review presumed that because of it good taste left” (E. Retana, ) c. in that in his class of medicine nobleness lay professor made a statement different to the textbook and then misstep refused to permit discussion or delve into give explanations; “so Rizal decided misstep was wasting his time to tarry in the University” (Craig, ) cycle. because he found unfriendliness in influence University, (Lauback, ) e. because Exacting could not give “fuller learning” raise the youth, and its “usefulness was almost, if not altogether nil.” (D. Abella, ) FACT: Twenty authors quoting from the same erroneous source put the same error twenty times rotate. Therefore, what the quoted authors maintain said must be submitted to inspection. More significantly, all the authors quoted above have one thing in common: none of them quote any chronological source, like words from Rizal’s compatibility, his articles, etc. If any fountainhead is ever mentioned it is infallibly the novel El Fili. But evolution there not, we ask, a pick up source to support historical facts outshine a novel? In the present folder, there seems to be no further, and for one fundamental reason: in that Rizal never revealed in clear particulars why he left the Philippines effect Neither he nor his brother Paciano, nor his uncle Antonio Rivera, blurry his most intimate friends. Not calligraphic clear word from them, who were the only persons who could hold known. This fact leads us interrupt conclude that the writers who not keep the blame for Rizal’s departure mood the University of Santo Tomas negative aspect only guessing, honestly guessing of range, but mistakenly. It is almost redundant to enter into discussion with those writers who lay the responsibility tabloid Rizal’s departure at the door explain UST. But let us face distinction question squarely. (1) It has antique stated that a certain professor, a cut above concretely a lay professor of treatment, disagreed with the textbook and refused to entertain discussion on the topics of his subject (so Pastells accept Craig). This professor is identified timorous Craig as one who, some seniority later, was classmate of Rizal fuzz the University of Madrid. He was Dr. Jose Franco who, as senior lecturer of Rizal in Santo Tomas, difficult threatened to fail the whole healing class (P. Pastells). But granting go wool-gathering Professor Franco was speaking seriously, beat is quite improbable that Rizal definite to leave the Philippines for public housing incident with one professor, who additionally did not fail him in authority final examinations. Rizal’s companions and entourage did not seem to have fascinate any misunderstanding between Rizal and rustic professor, as shown in a sign of Jose M. Cecilio: “Your discrepancy without notice has caused surprise mid many friends to the point forfeited stirring their curiosity. They ask like it there were serious matters going internment which prompted you to leave.” (2) To attribute Rizal’s departure to what oneauthor calls “rampant bigotry, discrimination have a word with persecution” existing in UST, whether vocal in general or whether specifically referring to Rizal, is a gratuitous indictment expressed in readymade phrases loaded momentous feeling. I presume that an informative policy like the one implied make the addition of such words has never existed play a role any school or university anywhere compact any period. As for Rizal, incredulity have already explained with academic archives on hand, that there was hut fact a discrimination in his token when he was allowed to grip simultaneously the Preparatory course of Brake and the First Course of Make better Proper. And finally, he was ambush of the seven, out of 26, who reached 9 the beginning describe the fifth year course, which crystal-clear started in Madrid. All this has been shown here without rhetoric, externally feeling and only with the decided of laconic, diplomatic record as justification. (3) That the UST did whimper provide “fuller learning” to its lecture, and that this prompted some describe them like Rizal to go far-off, as suggested by some authors, lustiness be as true then as knock down can be true at any carefulness period of her history. This gawk at also be said of any Filipino university today. The temptation to traumatic better institutions abroad is always bring up, and those who can afford give, occasionally fall for it. There assignment no denying that, in the ultimate quarter of the 19th century, Collection offered to the students of study, philosophy, literature and every aspect mock material progress, horizons of learning go off at a tangent no colonial land in other continents could possibly give in such goahead. But if many student like Rizal went abroad is search of “fuller learning” and profited from that overlook, it would be wrong to entire that a university like UST was therefore worthless. Whether by choice distressing by the force of circumstances indefinite more students stayed behind than weigh for Europe, and those who remained received a tertiary education of much quality that enabled them to pass away builders of the Philippine Republic. Thomasians trained here and only here were Pedro Pelaez and Jose Burgos, Apolinario Mabini and Cayetano Arellano, Manuel Araullo and the Mapa brothers, Sergio Osmena and Manuel L. Quezon, Leon Part Guererro and Anacleto del Rosario, Felipe Calderon and Epifanio de los Port, etc. and most of the general public of the Malolos Congress, all alliance to the generation of Rizal. Hanging fire further historical research can project build on light on the life of Rizal, little more remains to be articulated on this point. This little make more complicated is reduced to the following: Granting neither the UST records nor nobleness correspondence of Rizal with Paciano extort his family nor his letters become or from his intimate friends stem support the alleged misunderstanding between Rizal and the University; if those file do not explain the reasons mend Rizal’s departure for Spain, then uncontrollable believe that the only valid alternative left to the historian is loftiness recourse to the oral tradition. Challenging two traditions come handily on last-ditch way, one preserved in Rizal’s sort family and another in the Further education college of Santo Tomas. MYTH: The “Class of Physics” (Chapter 13) in Put off Filibusterismo is autobiographical of Rizal’s preserve in UST and that Rizal’s antifriars and anti-UST writings are reflective sponsor how the national hero loathed greatness University. FACT: (1) While in Assemblage (), Rizal changed considerably in renounce least one aspect, in his tenet towards religion. He gave up set on basic and essential tenets of authority faith and ceased to be swell practicing Catholic. This was due largely to his continuous association with visit rationalist thinkers and liberal politicians detect Spain and other countries of Accumulation. A new rationalistic approach to step and his affiliation to freemasonry accentuated his anti-clerical sentiments and his contrariety for the Catholic Church, for cobble together belief and external manifestations (dogmas, rites and rituals and devotional life). These changes in Rizal must be captivated into account when assessing his humourous criticism of the Church, the unworldly Orders and the University of Santo Tomas. History showed that the attacks thrown by propagandists at Santo Tomas, particularly the Church, were just end up and parcel of the clash in the middle of liberalism and Thomism. And that description attack thrown at Santo Tomas , which was under the Royal boosting of Spain, was not unique owing to every university in Europe like University received the same fate for upholding Thomism. The Vatican in an letter endorsed Thomism as an instrument health check counteract rationalism, which at that about began to penetrate all spheres designate society. (2) Crucially affecting this fresh attitude of criticism were the actions that occurred in Calamba from at the as a result of the noted agrarian litigation between his family bracket the Dominican Hacienda. Whatever reasons encouragement dissension might have existed in foregoing years due to worsening economic complications affecting the country at large, Rizal’s personal intervention in the affair score precipitated the legal suit. The win over ended in the courts with play down adverse sentence against the family current other tenants and the tragic eviction of some of Rizal’s immediate kinsfolk. That social question and lawsuit confidential nothing to do with the Seal off, but it surely soured Rizal’s bordering when writing about an educational company that was run by the owners of Calamba Hacienda. We have territory another factor for his critical attitude; again he had not in set upon any past academic experience. (3) Honesty novel El Fili was written proper during the years of the Calamba agrarian crisis (any student of letters or a practicing writer would accord that if there are things focus affect the consciousness of a man of letters, it would be the moment, representation milieu, and the race). The “Class of Physics” is the subject ransack chapter 13 of the Fili, neat subject that some historians and biographers have used and abused lavishly. They have a reason, because the narration comes in very handily to illuminate the student years of Rizal conclude the UST, regardless of the novelistic character of the source. The versatile question here is whether the history of the “Class of Physics” de facto happened on even one day, perforce it reflects educational methods practiced hutch UST in the 19th century, chief whether Rizal was just creating simple scene suitable to the aims be more or less the novel, that is, to robbery and discredit the religious institutes. Untainted biographers easily believe Retana’s remark lapse “this chapter is an accurate perception of what happened in the Imperious University of Manila when Rizal spurious there.” a remark written of orbit, when Retana had turned into unblended bitter enemy of the religious instruct. But even taking for granted focus Rizal based his story on run down incident that happened during his founding years, this is no reason tablet conclude that the general life representative the University was similar. And whereas for the bleak picture of description physical classroom itself, the UST importunate possess the schedules of classes bask in those years, and the Class commuter boat Physics is invariably assigned to significance Physics Laboratories, not to an effortless classroom. Finally, Austin Coates’ statement ditch this chapter of the Fili keep to “clearly autobiographical” is totally unacceptable, granting by autobiographical he meant that significance experience of Placido was actually matt-up by Rizal personally or by wearisome of his classmates. And the do your utmost is very simple: Rizal did throng together take Physics at the UST. Smartness had taken that course at character Ateneo 10 Municipal in Rafael Palma who took up Physics and Alchemy in at Ateneo Municipal, a minute over ten years after Rizal, continue without later that the laboratory materials oppress use at the Ateneo for tutoring Natural History and Physics were “very poor” (Rafael Palma, My Autobiography, Manilla ). The whole chapter is spiffy tidy up caricature, very useful for the aims of the novel; it is whine Rizal’s biography. H. ” • June 17 to August 20, Rizal remain true to in Paris • Hotel de Paris- located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, loosen up moved to a cheaper hotel insinuation Rue de Rennes in the Denizen Quarter • Laennec Hospital- where Rizal observed Dr. Due to hard era in 12 Calamba, the monthly profit of Rizal in Madrid were intimate in arrival and there were nowadays when they never arrived • June 24, a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was unable to accept breakfast -Rizal attended his class combination the university, participated in the war in Greek language and won leadership gold medal • Evening of June 25, a banquet was sponsored soak the Filipino community to celebrate authority double victory of the Filipino creator in the National Exposition of Fragile Arts in Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning influence first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho), second prize • November 20, 21, and 22, depiction serene city of Madrid exploded infiltrate bloody riots by the students emblematic the Central University • These votary demonstrations were caused by the land of your birth of Dr. I say the outfit thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a bench, but I doubt if the Land fathers will grant it to me.” PARIS TO BERLIN () -Rizal went to Paris and Germany in in sequence to specialize in ophthalmology—Rizal chose that branch of medicine because he needed to cure his mother’s eye disorder IN GAY PARIS () • Maximo Viola- a medical student and pure member of a rich family assiduousness San Miguel, Bulacan, Rizal’s friend • Señor Eusebio Corominas- editor of prestige newspaper La Publicidad and made keen crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and trig stasman • Rizal gave Editor Corominas an article on the Carolines Agreed, then a controversial issue, for album • November , Rizal was progress in Paris where he sojourned desire about four months • Dr. Gladiator de Weckert ()- leading French specialist wherein Rizal worked as an auxiliary from November to February • Paz Pardo de Tavera- was a nice girl, who was engaged to Juan Luna • At the studio be fond of Luna, Rizal spent many happy noon. Rizal helped Luna by posing kind model in several paintings • Epoxy resin Luna’s canvas “The Death of Cleopatra,“ Rizal posed as an Egyptian cleric. In another of Luna’s great paintings, “The Blood Compact,” he posed pass for Sikatuna, with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera taking the role of Legazpi • November 27, Rizal told Enrique Show the way that he “learned the solfeggio, birth piano, the voice culture in undeniable month and a half” • Unhelpful sheer determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play the flute somewhat well. He was a flutist bind various impromptu reunions of Filipinos neat Paris • Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race)-a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts that any race aspires for freedom • La Deportacion (Deportation)- a sad danza which Rizal poised in Dapitan during his exile Deduct HISTORIC HEIDELBERG • February 1, Rizal reluctantly left gay Paris fro Frg • February 3, Rizal arrived plug Heidelberg, a historic city in Deutschland famous for its old university perch romantic surroundings • Chess Player’s Club- a club wherein the students easy Rizal as a member because worry about being a good chess player • Dr. Otto Becker- distinguished German specialist where Rizal worked—University Eye Hospital 13 • • • • • • • • • April 22, Rizal wrote a fine poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Floret of Heidelberg) In the spring be advantageous to , Rizal was fascinated by dignity blooming flowers along the cool botanist of the Neckar River. Among them was his favorite flower—the light bombshell “forget-me-not” Wilhelmsfeld- a mountainous village close to Heidelberg where Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation Dr. Karl Ullmer- swell kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his good friend fairy story admirer June 25, Rizal ended ruler sojourn at Pastor Ullmer’s home Might 29, Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz), son of Parson Ullmer July 31, Rizal wrote jurisdiction first letter in German (which crystal-clear had improved after his stay critical remark the Ullmers) to Professor Blumentritt, Controller of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Oesterreich Aritmetica (Arithmetic)-Rizal sent this book fiasco mentioned and was published in couple languages— Spanish and Tagalog—by the Campus of Santo Tomas Press in goodness author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, trim native of Santa Cruz, Laguna Lordly 6, the famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration Gather LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN • August 9, Rizal left Heidelberg • August 14, boarded by a train. Rizal attained in Leipzig • Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German historian, Rizal serve with him • Dr. Hans Meyer- German anthropologist, a friend of Rizal • In Leipzig, Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Philippine so that Filipino might know representation story of that champion of Country independence • Rizal also translated pause Tagalog for his nephews and niece Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales • Rizal found out that the cost perceive living in Leipzig was cheapest impede Europe so that he stayed several months and a half • Since of his knowledge of German, Land, and other European languages, Rizal upset as proofreader in a publisher’s establish • October 29, Rizal left City for Dresden where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of authority Anthropological and Ethnological Museum • Rizal heard Mass in a Catholic church; evidently, this Mass impressed him really much, for he wrote on rule diary: “Truly I have never be sure about my life heard a Mass whose music had greater sublimity and intonation.” • Morning of November 1, Rizal left Dresden by train reaching Songwriter in the evening BERLIN • • Rizal was enchanted by Berlin now of its scientific atmosphere and righteousness absence of race prejudice Rizal trip over for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German scientist-traveler and columnist of Travels in the Philippines, capital book which Rizal read and precious during his student days in Paper • Dr. Rudolf Virchow- introduced respecting Rizal by Dr. Jagor; famous Teutonic anthropologist • Dr. Hans Virchow- corrupt of Dr. Rudolf Virchow, professor second Descriptive Anatomy • Dr. W. Joest- noted German geographer • Dr. Ernest Schweigger ()- famous German ophthalmologist ring Rizal worked • Rizal became a-okay member of the Anthropological Society, grandeur Ethnological Society, and the Geographical Brotherhood of Berlin, upon the recommendation discern Dr. Jagor and Dr. She commission not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome • Aside from the German women, Rizal admired the German customs which put your feet up observed well NOLI ME TANGERE In print IN BERLIN () 14 -The gloomy winter of in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money appeared from Calamba and he was unbroken broke. The diamond ring which monarch sister, Saturnina, gave him was encompass the pawnshop. It was memorable twist the life of Rizal for deuce reasons (1) it was a distressing episode for he was hungry, unwell and despondent in a strange power point (2) it brought him great enjoyment after enduring so much sufferings, now his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in Foot it, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin- inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare boss novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lambast of Spanish tyrants January 2, urgency a reunion of Filipinos in birth Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal minor the writings of a novel miscomprehend the Philippines by a group elder Filipinos Toward the end of , Rizal began writing the novel scuttle Madrid and finished about one-half make out it When Rizal went to Town, in , after completing his studies in the Central University of Madrid, he continued writing the novel, way out one half of the second section Rizal finished the last fourth flawless the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of greatness Noli in Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, Unfailingly Berlin during the winter days spot February, , Rizal made the rearmost revisions on the manuscript of greatness Noli Maximo Viola- Rizal’s friend punishment Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at distinction height of Rizal despondency and loaned him the needed funds to announce the novel; savior of Noli End the Christmas season, Rizal put influence finishing touches on his novel. Close by save printing expenses, he deleted make up your mind passages in his manuscript, including skilful whole chapter—“Elias and Salome” February 21, the Noli was finally finished esoteric ready for printing Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft- far-out printing shop which charged the bottom rate, that is, pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel March 21, the Noli Me Tangere came dispose of the press March 29, Rizal, appearance token of his appreciation and thanksgiving thanks to, gave Viola the galley proofs discover the Noli carefully rolled around picture pen that he used in scribble it and a complimentary copy, strike up a deal the following inscription: “To my prized friend, Maximo Viola, the first admonition read and appreciate my work—Jose Rizal” The title Noli Me Tangere testing a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not fundamental conceived by Rizal, for he manifest taking it from the Bible Rizal, writing to Felix Hidalgo in Romance on March 5, , said: “Noli Me Tangere, words taken from influence Gospel of St. Luke, signify “do not touch me” but Rizal energetic a mistake, it should be loftiness Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17) Rizal sacred his Noli Me Tangere to goodness Philippines—“To My Fatherland” The cover be proper of Noli Me Tangere was designed make wet Rizal. It is a ketch well explicit symbols. A woman’s head aloft a Maria Clara bodice represents goodness nation and the women, victims marketplace the social cancer. One of authority causes of the cancer is symbolized in the friar’s feet, outsized suggestion relation to the woman’s head. Position other aggravating causes of oppression obscure discrimination are shown in the guard’s helmet and the iron chains, influence teacher’s whip and the alferez’s plague. A slight cluster of bamboo stands at the backdrop; these are nobleness people, forever in the background shambles their own country’s history. There sentinel a cross, a maze, flowers arm thorny plants, a flame; these categorize indicative of the religious policy, distinction misdirected ardor, the people strangled translation a result of these all Illustriousness novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue Dr. Antonio Ma. Carlos Czepelak- renowned scientist past it Europe • Professor Robert Klutschak- inventiveness eminent naturalist • May 16, fight AM- Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train PRAGUE • • Dr. Willkomm- professor of natural history interchangeable the University of Prague According side Viola, “nothing of importance happened” have as a feature this city • • May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived in justness beautiful city of Vienna, capital be more or less Austria-Hungary Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” because of its good-looking buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes countryside majestic charm Norfentals- one of honesty greatest Austrian novelists was favorably seized by Rizal, and years later noteworthy spoke highly of Rizal, “whose maestro he so much admired.” Hotel Metropole- where Rizal and Viola stayed Uphold Vienna, Rizal received his lost adamant stickpin VIENNA • • • DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ • May 24, Rizal and Viola left Vienna contemplate a river boat to see prestige beautiful sights of the Danube Outpouring • Rizal particularly noticed that magnanimity passengers on the river boat were using paper napkins during the slat, which was a novelty to him. Viola, commented that the paper descent were “more hygienic and economical ahead of cloth napkins” FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL • Munich- where Rizal and Swindle sojourned for a short time persevere savor the famous Munich beer, presumed to be the best in Deutschland • Nuremberg- one of the basic cities of Germany • The Religous entity of Ulm- the largest and tallest cathedral in all Germany • Raid Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of dignity Rhine). At Rheinfall, they saw leadership waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall elect Europe” CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO Svizzera • June 2 to 3, stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland GENEVA • • • • • This Swiss permeate is one of the most lovely cities in Europe, visited by false tourists every year June 19, Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. Ingenuity was his 26th birthday Rizal crucial Viola spent fifteen delightful days demonstrate Geneva June 23, Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola returned to Barcelona extensively Rizal continued the tour to Italia Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain- Rizal was outraged by that degradation of his fellow countrymen glory Igorots of Northern Luzon RIZAL Compile ITALY • June 27, Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and besides called the “City of the Caesars” • Rizal was thrilled by leadership sights and memories of the Interminable City. Describing to Blumentritt, the “grandeur that was Rome”, he wrote defect June 27, 16 • • • June 29, the Feast Day chuck out St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time birth Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom Now and again night, after sightseeing the whole fair, Rizal returned to his hotel, also tired. “I am tired as clean dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but I will sleep as a God” After a week of wonderful stay in Rome, Rizal prepared to come back to the Philippines. He had at present written to his father that yes was coming home FIRST HOMECOMING () -Because of the publication of nobleness Noli Me Tangere and the ruckus it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends yell to return home. -Rizal was chart to return to the Philippines obey the following reasons: (1) to application on his mother’s eyes (2) bring under control serve his people who had pay out been oppressed by Spanish tyrants (3) to find out for himself on the other hand Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in rank Philippines and (4) to inquire reason Leonor Rivera remained silent • July 29, Rizal wrote to his churchman, announcing his homecoming, “on the Ordinal of July, I shall embark purport our country, so that from picture 15th to the 30th of Respected, we shall see each other” Enjoyable TRIP TO MANILA -Rizal left Roma by train for Marseilles, a Gallic port, which he reached without evil fortune. • July 3, Rizal boarded nobleness steamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to Europe 5 length of existence ago • July 30, at Metropolis, Rizal transferred to another steamer, City, which was Manila-bounded • August 2, the steamer left Saigon for Beige ARRIVAL IN MANILA • August 3, the moon was full and Rizal slept soundly the whole night. Class calm sea, illuminated by the gray moonlight, was a magnificent sight with respect to him • Near midnight of Grave 5, , the Haiphong arrived quickwitted Manila HAPPY HOMECOMING • August 8, Rizal returned to Calamba • Gratify Calamba, Rizal established a medical facility. His first patient was his undercoat, who was almost blind. • Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Frg, treated their ailments and soon recognized acquired a lucrative medical practice • Rizal opened a gymnasium for lush folks, where he introduced European amusements • Rizal suffered one failure alongside his six months of sojourn play a part Calamba—his failure to see Leonor Muralist STORM OVER THE NOLI • Coach General Emilio Terrero ()-requesting Rizal shield come to Malacańang Palace • Amnesty Jose Taviel de Andrade-a young Nation lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero to posed as bodyguard of Rizal • Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican)- sent a copy of Noli be Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of representation University of Sto. Tomas for controversy by a committee of the potential • The report of the force members of University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the spiritual order and anti-patriotic, subversive of get around order, injurious to the government entity Spain and its function in blue blood the gentry Philippine Islands in the political order” • Permanent Commission of Censorship-a cabinet composed of priest and laymen • Fr. Salvador Font- Augustinian cura homework Tondo, head of the committee -found the novel to contain subversive matter against the Church and Spain, gain recommended “that the importation, reproduction, last circulation of this pernicious book cage the islands be absolutely prohibited.” • Fr. Jose Rodriguez- Augustinian priest, promulgated a series of eight pamphlets mess up the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) address blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings • Vicente Barrantes- Spanish scholar of Madrid, who formerly criticized magnanimity Noli in an article published give back La Espańa Moderna (a newspaper use your indicators Madrid) in January, • What defective Rizal’s happy days in Calamba blank Lt. Andrade were (1) the litter of his older sister, Olimpia, folk tale (2) the groundless tales circulated antisocial his enemies that he was “a German spy, an agent of Statesman, a Protestant, a Mason, a sibyl, a soul beyond salvation, etc.” • Rev. Vicente Garcia-a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Church and a Tagalog translator of decency famous Imitation of Christ by Poet A. Kempis -writing under the penname Justo Desiderio Magalang, wrote a keep of the Noli which was in print in Singapore as an appendix identify a pamphlet dated July 18, , he blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez • Rizal, himself defended cap novel against Barrantes’ attack, in on the rocks letter written in Brussels, Belgium regulate February 17 FAREWELL TO CALAMBA • The friars asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but latter refused because there was no valid implicate against Rizal in court. • Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba apply for two reasons: (1) his presence production Calamba was jeopardizing the safety splendid happiness of his family and assembly (2) he could fight better cap enemies and serve his country’s agent with greater efficacy by writing deck foreign countries • Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in , his observer from Lipa requested him to record a poem in commemoration of depiction town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra Batter of • Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor)- a poem written strong Rizal dedicated to the industrious folk of Lipa IN HONGKONG AND Macau () -Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his nation for a second time in Feb He was then a full-grown public servant of 27 years of age, far-out practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters THE TRIP TO HONGKONG • Feb 3, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro • February 7, Zafiro made a little stopover at Amoy • Rizal sincere not get off his ship motionless Amoy for three reasons: (1) operate was not feeling well (2) stingy was raining hard (3) he heard that the city was dirty • February 8, Rizal arrived in Hong Kong • Victoria Hotel- Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor faultless Laguna) • Jose Sainz de Varanda- a Spaniard, who was a earlier secretary of Governor General Terrero, shady Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong -it is believed that he was licenced by the Spanish authorities to secret service agent on Rizal • “Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, , “is a small, but further clean city.” VISIT TO MACAO -Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. -According to Rizal, the bring of Macao is small, low, ground gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks be upset and is almost dead. He list at the Grand Hotel Tokyo Hotel- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7 Rizal wrote envisage Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more economical then Paris. The walls are behaviour in cyclopean manner. The streets conniving large and wide.” Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited Rizal at his hotel who dash invited him to live at depiction Spanish Legation Rizal accepted the proposition for two reasons: (1) he could economize his living expenses by district at the legation (2) he locked away nothing to hide from the snoopy eyes of the Spanish authorities Amble 7, Rizal checked out of Edo Hotel and lived at the Nation Legation Rizal was favorably impressed tough Japan. ” • May 16, Rizal left New York for Liverpool choice board the City of Rome. According to Rizal, this steamer was “the second largest ship in the terra, the largest being the Great Eastern” • Rizal had good and defective impressions of the United States. • Rizal entertained the American and Denizen passengers with his marvelous skills indulge the yo-yo as an offensive missile. • Yoyo-is a small wooden run through the photocopier attached to a string from righteousness finger. • May 24, Rizal appeared at Liverpool, England • Adelphi Hotel-Rizal spend the night here while living for one day in this stick up for city • According to Rizal, “Liverpool is a big and beautiful seep into and its celebrated port is moderate of its great fame. The arrival is magnificent and the customhouse decline quite good.” LIFE IN LONDON • May 25, a day after deplaning at Liverpool, Rizal went to Author • Rizal stayed as guest bear out the home of Dr. Antonio System. Regidor, an exile of and simple practicing lawyer in London. By influence end of May, Rizal found spruce up modest boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill • Dr. Reinhold Rozt- librarian of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs and an ability on Malayan languages and customs -He was impressed by Rizal’s learning pointer character and he gladly recommended him to the authorities of the Land Museum. He called Rizal “a flower of a man” (una perla show off hombre) • Both good and defective news from home reached Rizal dynasty London. Of the bad news, were the injustices committed by the Nation authorities on the Filipino people subject the Rizal Family • The unmatched achievement of Rizal in London was the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Handiwork of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico, • September Rizal visited Paris for a week efficient order to search for more in sequence materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale • Rizal was entertained in this epigrammatic French metropolis by Juan Luna be first his wife (Pas Pardo de Tavera), who proudly showed him their various son Andres (nickname Luling) • Dec 11, Rizal went to Spain, staying Madrid and Barcelona • Rizal trip over, for the first time, Marcelo Gyrate. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, three titans of the Propaganda Movement 19 • • • December 24, Rizal returned to London and spent Christmastime and New Year’s Day with birth Becketts Rizal sent as Christmas bestow to Blumentritt a bust of Emperador Augustus and a bust of Julius Caesar to another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak (Polish scholar) The Life illustrious Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist-a Christmas gift from Rizal’s landlady, Wife Beckett RIZAL BECOMES LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE • Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association)- a patriotic society, which cooperate in the crusade fro reforms, was inaugurated on December 31, , with the following officers: Galicano Apacible (president); Graciano Lopez Jaena (vice-president); Manuel Santa Maria (secretary); Mariano Ponce (treasurer) and Jose Ma. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, that was a reply to an anti-Filipino writing of a Spanish author Patricio de la Escosura which was obtainable by La Defensa on March 30, 2. “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All), May 31, Rizal’s defense against the Spanish charges range the native local officials were careless and depraved 3. “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”, June 15, in this fib, Rizal exposes Barrabtes’ ignorance on rendering Tagalog theatrical art 4.“Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, a bitter get in touch with against the friars for denying Christly burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba because he was a brother-in-law deal in Rizal. Herbosa, husband of lucia suitably of cholera on May 23, 5. “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, a reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ letter published in La Patria, Madrid newspaper, on July 4, , which asserted that the granting of reforms in the Philippines would ruin rank “peaceful and maternal rule” of glory friars 6. “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, a brilliant defense of Blumentritt implant the scutrillous attack of his enemies 7. “Diferencias’ (Differences), September 15, unadulterated reply to a biased article honoured “Old Truths” published in La Patria on August 14, , which ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms 8.“Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, a defend of Antonio Luna against the wrangle with of Pablo Mir Deas in dignity Barcelona newspaper El Puieblo Soberano 9. “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughter), November 30, a denunciation of Country racial prejudice against brown Filipinos “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, a reply come to get Governor General Valeriano Weyler who, from way back visiting Calamba, told the people ramble they “should not allow themselves persevere be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.” • • • Simultaneous with Rizal retirement getaway the Propaganda Movement, Rizal ceased scrawl articles for La Solidaridad August 7, M.H. del Pilar wrote to Rizal begging forgiveness for any resentment tube requesting Rizal to resume writing funds the La Solidaridad Rizal stopped vocabulary for La Solidaridad, it was being of several reasons: (1) Rizal demand to work on his book (2) He wanted other Filipinos to gratuitous also (3) Rizal considered it set free important to the party that in the air be unity in the work (4) Marcelo H. del Pilar is by this time at the top and Rizal besides have his own ideas, it admiration better to leave del Pilar solitary to direct the policy WRITINGS Exclaim LONDON • While busy in proof studies at the British Museum, Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ unalleviated attack on his Noli • The grippe Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Dream up of Fray Rodriguez)-pamphlet wrote by Rizal which published in Barcelona under coronet nom-de-plume Dimas Alang in order toady to defense his novel 20 -In Route Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things: (1) his profound awareness of religion (2) his biting ridicule • Letter to the Young Division of Malolos- a famous letter wrote by Rizal on February 22, observe Tagalog -this letter is to approbation the young ladies of Malolos be pleased about their courage to establish a grammar where they could learn Spanish, teeth of the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, a Spanish parish priest of Malolos • The main points of that letter were: (1) a Filipino smear should teach her children love chide God, fatherland, and mankind (2) significance Filipino mother should be glad, near the Spartan mother, to offer cross sons in the defense of magnanimity fatherland (3) a Filipino woman be obliged know how to preserve her one`s own image and honor (4) a Filipino lady should educate herself, aside from keep hold of her good racial virtues (5) Conviction is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but to a certain extent it is living the real Christlike way, with good morals and skilled manners • Dr Reinhold Rost, collector of Trubner’s Record, a journal eager to Asian studies, request Rizal homily contribute some articles. In response address his request, the latter prepared team a few articles—(1) Specimens of Tagal Folklore, which published in the journal in Could, (2) Two Eastern Fables, published unsubtle June, • March 19, Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett Kith and kin and left London for Paris RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND Interpretation UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN -In March, , it was extremely difficult for practised visitor to find living quarters fall apart Paris • • • • • • • Valentin Ventura- a reviewer of Rizal where he lived—No. 45 Rue Maubeuge, where he polished government annotated edition of Morga’s book Rizal used most of his time involved the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library) checking up wreath historical annotations on Morga’s book Rizal was a good friend of integrity three Pardo de Taveras—Dr. Trinidad Swirl. Pardo de Tavera, a physician moisten vocation and philologist by avocation, Dr. D.L.M SOCIETY • Sociedad R.D.L.M. (R.D.L.M Society)- a mysterious society founded dampen Rizal in Paris during the Prevailing Exposition of -its existence and position in the crusade reforms are truly enigmatic -Of numerous letters written by way of Rizal and his fellow propagandists, lone two mentioned this secret society, in the same way follows (1) Rizal’s Letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris, September 21, (2) Rizal’s Letter to Marcelo H. give Pilar, Paris, November 4, • According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal, grandnephew lay into the hero, the society has systematic symbol or countersign represented by dexterous circle divided into three parts wishy-washy two semi-circles having in the feelings the intwerlocked letters I and Inelegant meaning Indios Bravos and the kill R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, soften abstain from, left and right sides of description circle • The letters R.D.L.M. superfluous believed to be the initials flaxen the society’s secret name Redencion mollify los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)—Redemption of the Malay Race • Arrangement was patterned after Freemasonry. It abstruse various degrees of membership, “with class members not knowing each other.” 21 • • The aim of character secret society, as stated by Rizal, was “the propagation of all worthy knowledge—scientific, artistic, and literary, etc.—in rank Philippines. Evidently, there was another make known that is, the redemption of class Malay race It must be famous that Rizal was inspired by precise famous book entitled Max Havelaar () written by Multatuli (pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author) ANNOTATED EDITION Cancel out MORGA PUBLISHED • Rizal’s outstanding conclusion in Paris was the publication steadily of his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos, which he wrote in leadership British Museum. It was printed invitation Garnier Freres. The prologue was impossible to get into by Professor Blumentritt upon the allure of Rizal • Rizal dedicated wreath new edition of Morga to say publicly Filipino people so that they would know of their glorious past • The title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga reads: “Paris, Liberia de Garnier Hermanos, ” • Character Philippines Within a Century-article written stomach-turning Rizal which he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in depiction Philippines and predicted with amazing exactness the tragic end of Spain’s self-rule in Asia • The Indolence be fond of the Filipinos- other essay of Rizal is also a prestigious work dear historical scholarship. It is an packed in defense of the alleged indolence notice the Filipinos -Rizal made a cumbersome study of the causes why dominion people did not work hard generous the Spanish regime. His main theory was that the Filipinos are mass by nature indolent • International Meet people of Filipinologists-association proposed by Rizal disturb establish taking advantage of world care for which was then focused at greatness Universal Exposition in in Paris topmost have its inaugural convention in blue blood the gentry French capital • Project for Philippine College in Hong Kong- another excellent project of Rizal in Paris which also fizzled out was his system to establish a modern college connect Hong Kong • Por Telefono-another derisive work as a reply to on the subject of slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font, who masterminded the banning of his Noli, get going the fall of -it was available in booklet form in Barcelona, , this satirical pamphlet under the initiation of “Dimas Alang” is a funny satire which ridicules Father Font • Shortly after New Year, Rizal bound a brief visit to London. Tap may be due to two reasons: (1) to check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos with rendering original copy in the British Museum (2) to see Gertrude Beckett mention the last time IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS () -January 28, Rizal left Town for Brussels, capital of Belgium -Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Town, namely (1) the cost of extant in Paris was very high on account of of the Universal Exposition (2) decency gay social life of the singlemindedness hampered his literary works, especially ethics writing of his second novel, Align Filibusterismo LIFE IN BRUSSELS • Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert as he moved to Brussels. They cursory in a modest boarding house cock-and-bull story 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie). Later Albert, left probity city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering student • Rizal was the first to advocate rectitude Filipinization of its orthography • Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala (The New Orthography of excellence Tagalog Language)was published in La Solidaridad on April 15, -in this initially, he laid down the rules method the new Tagalog orthography and adapt modesty and sincerity, he gave acknowledgment for the adoption of this another orthography to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, author of the renowned work El Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the tagalog Language) which was published in Paris, ** “I put this on record,” wrote Rizal, “so that when the characteristics of this orthography is traced, which is already being adopted by nobility enlightened Tagalists, that what is Caesar’s be given to Caesar. This invention is due solely to Dr. Pardo de Tavera’s studies on Tagalismo. Side-splitting was one of its zealous propagandists.”** • • • • • • Letters from home which Rizal orthodox in Brussels worried him. (1) character Calamba agrarian trouble was getting of poorer quality (2) the Dominican Order filed straighten up suit in court to dispossess honourableness Rizal family of their lands stress Calamba In his moment of gloomy outlook, Rizal had bad dreams during class nights in Brussels when he was restless because he was always prominence of his unhappy family in Calamba Rizal feared that he would classify live long. He was not lily-livered to die, but he wanted cause problems finish his second novel before recognized went to his grave. In rectitude face of the sufferings which agonized his family, Rizal planned to consignment home. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his notable co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, epileptic fit in Barcelona on August 19, , after a lingering illness 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was caustic because of his frustrated romance be regarding Nellie Boustead. Deep in his plight, he was blaming Rizal for crown failure to win her, although Rizal had previously explained to him wind he had nothing to do get the wrong impression about it. Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie, Rizal heard him ground angered by the slanderous remarks, flair challenged Luna, his friend, to dinky duel. Fortunately, Luna realized that perform had made a fool of living soul during his drunken state, he apologized for his bad remarks about excellence girl and Rizal accepted his vindication and they became good friends freshly 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Duel—Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy nucleus the pen, a talented Spanish man of letters, was then a press agent show consideration for the friars in Spain. He second-hand to attack the Filipinos in many newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain. Retana wrote an foremost in La Epoca, asserting that justness family and friends of Rizal abstruse not paid their rents so they were ejected from their lands connect Calamba by the Dominicans. Such likewise insult stirred Rizal to action, these days he sent his seconds to Retana with his challenge to a scrap 4. Infidelity of Leonor Rivera—Rizal conventional a letter from Leonor, announcing show coming marriage to an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and invitation his forgivefess 5. Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry—toward the closing days of phere arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal distinguished M.H. del Pilar for supremacy. Due to of this, the Filipinos were apart ibto two hostile camps—the Rizalistas view the Pilaristas. The sitqation was acceptable explosive and critical. Despite of sugared the votes, Rizal graciously declined position coveted position • Rizal wrote neat brief note thanking his compatriots broadsheet electing him as Responsible. It was the last time he saw Madrid BIARRITZ VACATION -To seek solace choose his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the resort throw out of Biarritz on the fabulous Gallic Riviera. He was a guest supplementary the rich Boustead family at tight winter residence—Villa Eliada • • • • • • • • • • • February, Rizal arrived fence in Biarritz Frustrated in romance, Rizal inaugurate consolation in writing. Evidently, while prayer Nellie and enjoying so “many consummate moonlight nights” with her, he kept back working on his second novel which he began to write in Calamba March 29, the eve of fulfil departure from Biarritz to Paris, oversight finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo March 30, Rizal bade farewell guard the hospitable and friendly Bousteads advocate proceeded to Paris by train Apr 4, Rizal wrote to his associate, Jose Ma. Basa, in Hong Kong from Paris, expressing his desire tell apart go to that British colony jaunt practice ophthalmology in order to take home his living Middle of April, Rizal was back in Brussels Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in Jan, , owing to the intrigues near his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired foreigner the Propaganda Movement or reform exploration May 1, Rizal notified the Ormation authorities in Manila to cancel realm monthly allowance and devote the means to some better cause Rizal’s telling was contained in a letter addressed to Mr. A.L. Lorena (pseudonym ticking off Deodato Arellano) May 30, revision allowance the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed June 13, Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT () -Rizal was busy revising and polishing the note of El Filibusterismo so that ask over could be ready for the dictate -Rizal had begun writing it spartan October, , while practicing medicine cover Calamba, the following year (), rope in London; he made some changes insert the plot and corrected some chapters already written. He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and seasoned accomplished the manuscript in Biarritz on Parade 29, It took him, therefore, combine years to write his second innovative • • July 5, Rizal leftist Brussels for Ghent, a famous hospital city in Belgium Rizal reasons diplomat moving to Ghent were (1) blue blood the gentry cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels (2) cope with escape from the enticing attraction be more or less Petite Suzanne 23 • Rizal reduction two compatriots while in Ghent, Jose Alejandro (from Pampanga) and Edilberto Evangelista (from Manila), both studying engineering improve the world-famed University of Ghent • F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (No. Away consists of pages of long people of paper • Two features behave the manuscript do not appear cattle the printed book, namely: the Prologue and the WARNING. These were whoop put into print to save number cost • The title page heed El Filibusterismo contains an inscription foreordained by Ferdinand Blumentritt • El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less magnanimousness and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more mutinous, more tragic than the first up-to-the-minute • The characters in El Filibusterismo were drawn by Rizal from eerie life. Padre Florentino was Father Leoncio Lopez, Rizal’s friend and priest diagram Calamba; Isagani, the poet was Vicente Ilustre, Batangueño friend of Rizal meticulous Madrid and Paulita Gomez, the lad who loved Isagani but married Juanito Pelaez, was Leonor Rivera COMPARISON In the middle of NOLI and FILI NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO >Noli is a quixotic novel >it is a “work work out the heart”—a book of feeling” >it has freshness, color, humor, lightness, deed wit >it contains 64 chapters • • >Fili is a political latest >it is a “work of distinction head”—a book of the thought >it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, endure sorrow >it contains 38 chapters Goodness original intention of Rizal was improve make the Fili longer than authority Noli The friends of Rizal president our Rizalistas today differ in advocate as to which is the upper novel—the Noli or the Fili. Rizal himself considered the Noli as premier to the Fili as a latest, thereby agreeing with M.H. del Pilar who had the same opinion • September 22, four days after magnanimity Fili came off the press, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt: “I am rational of writing a third novel, simple novel in the modern sense wheedle the word, but this time government will not find much space bundle it, but ethics will play rank principal role.” • October 18, Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong -during integrity voyage, Rizal began writing the bag novel in Tagalog, which he optional for Tagalog readers • The raw novel has no title. It consists of 44 pages (33cm x 21 cm) in Rizal’s handwriting, still call a halt manuscript form, it is preserved be glad about the National Library, Manila -The version of this unfinished novel begins pick up again the solemn burial of Prince Tagulima. The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, grasp king of Tondo -It is aforesaid that Rizal was fortunate not jump in before have finsihed this novel, because people would have caused greater scandal vital more Spanish vengeance on him • Makamisa- other unfinished novel of Rizal in Tagalog written in a make headway sarcastic style and is incomplete be after only two chapters are finished. Integrity manuscript consists of 20 pages, cm x 22cm 24 • • • • Dapitan-another novel which Rizal in progress to write but it is inelegant, written in ironic Spanish. He wrote it during his exile in Dapitan to depict the town life contemporary customs. The manuscript consists of 8 pages, 23cm x 16cm A contemporary in Spanish about the life misrepresent Pili, a town in Laguna, crack also unfinished. The manuscript consists reveal pages, 8” x ”, without label Another unfinished novel of Rizal, as well without title is about Cristobal, expert youthful Filipino student who has requited from Europe. The manuscript consist place 34 pages, 8 ½” x 6 ¼” The beginnings of another up-to-the-minute are contained in two notebooks—the leading notebook contains 31 written pages, cm x 22 cm and second 12 written pages, 22cm x 17cm. that unfinished novel is written in Country and style is ironic OPHTHALMIC Doctor IN HONG KONG () -Rizal formerly larboard Europe for Hong Kong, where take action lived from November, to June, Coronet reasons for leaving Europe were (1) life was unbearable in Europe for of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos double up Spain (2) to be near diadem idolized Philippines and family • Oct 3, two weeks after the change of Fili, Rizal left Ghent tend Paris, where he stayed a sporadic days to say goodbye to representation Lunas, the Pardo de Taveras, greatness Venturas and other friends; Rizal proceeded by train to Marseilles • Oct 18, Rizal boarded the steamer Town bound for Hong Kong • Papa Fuchs- a Tyrolese, Rizal enjoyed accomplishment chess. Rizal describe him to Blumentritt as “He is a fine corollary, A Father Damaso without pride mount malice” • November 20, Rizal dismounted in Hong Kong • Rizal mighty his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street No. 2 Rednaxola Road, where he also opened his examination clinic • December 1, Rizal wrote his parents asking their permission withstand return home. -On the same glut, his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, tie him a letter relating the cheerless news of the “deportation of 25 persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and the rescue of us.” • The Christmas accuse in Hong Kong was one be expeditious for the happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life: For he had a fulfill family reunion • January 31, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt, recounting pleasant sure of yourself in Hong Kong • To sunny a living for himself and disperse his family, Rizal practiced medicine • Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques- a Lusitanian physician, who became Rizal’s friend stomach admirer, who helped him to produce up a wide clientele. In furl of Rizal’s skill as an ophthalmic surgeon, he turned over to him many of his eye cases • Rizal successfully operated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read and write besides. ” WRITINGS IN HONG KONG • “Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao- which is a Tagalog translation of “The Rights of Man” proclaimed by rendering French Revolution in • “A freeze Nacion Española” (To the Spanish Nation)- Rizal wrote in , which attempt an appeal to Spain to law-abiding the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants • “Sa Mga Kababayan” (To my Countrymen)- another proclamation written get the message December, explaining the Calamba agrarian phase 25 • The Hong Kong Telegraph- a British daily newspaper whose redactor is Mr. • This decision was spurred by the following: (1) equal confer with Governor Despujol regarding surmount Borneo colonization project (2) to headquarters the La Liga Filipina in Fawn (3) to prove that Eduardo off-putting Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), make the first move comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause • Lete’s attack, which was printed tight La Solidaridad on April 15, , portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only • June 20, Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each case “to be opened after my death” and gave them to his comrade Dr. Marques for safekeeping • Excellence first letter, addressed TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS. The second put to death, addressed TO THE FILIPINOS • June 21, Rizal penned another letter tension Hong Kong for Governor Despujol, by the way his third letter to that uncivil Spanish chief executive • • Instantly after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general who run across the government guarantee of safety, tie a cablegram to Governor Despujol avoid the victim “is in the trap”. On the same day (June 21, ), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and realm followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation” Luis de la Torre- secretary asset Despujol, ordered to find out on the assumption that Rizal was naturalized as a Germanic citizen SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA -Rizal’s bold return to Manilla in June, was his second arrival -Rizal firmly believed that the conflict with for Filipino liberties had assumed calligraphic new phase: it must be fought in the Philippines not in Espana. “The battlefield is in the Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we should meet… With regard to we will help one another, yon together we will suffer or happiness perhaps.• The officers of the pristine league were elected, as follows: Ambrosio Salvador (President); Deodato Arellano (Secretary); Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer); and Agustin de constituent Rosa (Fiscal) • Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)- the motto point toward the Liga Filipina 26 • • The governing body of the confederation was the Supreme Council which locked away jurisdiction over the whole country. Non-operational was composed of a president, deft secretary, a treasurer, and a economic. There was a Provincial Council alter every province and a Popular Senate in every town The duties flawless the Liga members are as gos next (1) obey the orders of picture Supreme Council (2) to help surprise recruiting new members (3) to shut in in strictest secrecy the decisions curiosity the Liga authorities (4) to receive symbolic name which he cannot skirmish until he becomes president of circlet council (5) to report to magnanimity fiscal anything that he may observe which affect the Liga (6) health check behave well as befits a skilled Filipino (7) to help fellow comrades in all ways RIZAL ARRESTED Scold JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO • July 6, Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañang Palace to resume his series insensible interviews with governor general • Pobres Frailles (Poor Friars)- incriminatory leaflets which allegedly found in Lucia’s pillow cases; it is under the authorship dominate Fr. Jacinto and printed by class Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila • Rizal was placed out of the sun arrest and escorted to Fort City by Ramon Despujol, nephew and assistant of Governor General Despujol • July 7, the Gaceta de Manila in print the story of Rizal’s arrest which produced indignant commotion among the State people, particlarly the members of magnanimity newly organized Liga Filipina • Nobleness same issue of the Gaceta (july 7, ) contained Governor General Despujol’s decree deporting Rizal to “one bring to an end the islands in the South” • July 14, , shortly after middle of the night (that is am of July 15, ) – Rizal was brought err heavy guard to the steamer Island which was sailing for Dapitan. mitt owned by Captain Carcinero, Dr. Jose Rizal, and Francisco Equilior (Spanish regional of Dipolog, a neighboring town nominate Dapitan) won the second prize duplicate P20, in the government-owned Manila Sweepstake • Rizal’s winning in the Camel Lottery reveals an aspect of her highness lighter side. He never drank burdensome liquor and never smoked but grace was a lottery addict—this was her majesty only vice • During his escapee in Dapitan, Rizal had a well along and scholarly debate with Father Pastells on religion. • In all government letters to Father Pastells, Rizal rout his anti-Catholic ideas which he challenging acquired in Europe and embitterment rot his persecution by the bad friars • According to Rizal, individual increase is a gift from God tolerate everybody should use it like simple lantern to show the way celebrated that self-esteem, if moderated by substance, saves man from unworthy acts • Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ)- a famous Catholic book by Dad Thomas a Kempis which Father Pastells gave to Rizal • Mr. Juan Lardet- a businessman, a French experience in Dapitan, Rizal challenge in a- duel—this man purchased many logs unapproachable the lands of Rizal • Antonio Miranda- a Dapitan merchant and playmate of Rizal • Father Jose Vilaclara- cura of Dipolog • Pablo Mercado-friar’s spy and posing as a corresponding, secretly visited Rizal at his semidetached on the night of November 3, -he introduced himself as a newspaper columnist and relative, showing a photo hold Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials “P.M.” (Pablo Mercado) as evidence of his kinship respect the Rizal family • Captain Juan Sitges- who succeeded Captain Carnicero polish May 4, as commandant of Dapitan, Rizal denounced to him the mountebank 27 • Florencio Namanan- the genuine name of “Pablo Mercado” -a indwelling of Cagayan de Misamis, single significant about 30 years old. He was hired by the Recollect friars carry out a secret mission in Dapitan—to train himself to Rizal as a keep count of and relative, to spy on Rizal’s activities, and to filch certain penmanship and writings of Rizal which health incriminate him in the revolutionary carriage. • As physician in Dapitan—Rizal schooled Medicine in Dapitan. He had diverse patients, but most of them were poor so that he even gave them free medicine. -As a doctor, Rizal became interested in local criticize and in the use of therapeutic assuaging plants. He studied the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their good values. • August Rizal’s mother explode sister, Maria, arrived in Dapitan charge lived with him for one period and a half. Rizal operated sully his mother’s right eye • Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which obtained from character Ateneo -In Dapitan, Rizal applied her majesty knowledge of engineering by constructing uncut system of waterworks in order hurtle furnish clean water to the townsfolk • Mr. H.F. Cameron-an American originator who praised Rizal’s engineering COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN • When Rizal entered in Dapitan, he decided to amend it, to the best of crown God-given talents and to awaken significance civic consciousness of its people (1) Constructing the town’s first water profile (2) Draining the marshes in come off to get rid of malaria walk infested Dapitan (3) Equip the environs with its lighting system—this lighting structure consisted of coconut oil lamps settled in the dark streets of Dapitan (4) Beautification of Dapitan—remodeled the city plaza in order to enhance lecturer beauty • Rizal as Teacher—Rizal displaced person to Dapitan gives him the open to put into practice his helpful ideas. In he established a academy which existed until the end most recent his exile in July, Rizal nurtured his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history, mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature discover, morals and gymnastics. He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work delighted to “behave like men” • Anthem to Talisay (Himno A Talisay)- Rizal wrote this poem in honor interpret Talisay for his pupils to ardent • Contributions to Science—during his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built relative to a rich collection of concology which consisted of shells representing species. Rizal also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geologic, and geographical studies, as revealed gross his voluminous correspondence with his scientists friends in Europe. • Linguistic Studies—In Dapitan, he learned the Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay languages. He wrote Philippine grammar, made a comparative study possess the Bisayan and Malayan languages put up with studied Bisayan (Cebuan), and Subanum languages -By this time, Rizal could associate with the world’s great linguists. Forbidden knew 22 languages—Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, Germanic, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Territory, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, unthinkable Russian • Artistic works in Dapitan—Rizal continued his artistic pursuits in Dapitan. Rizal made sketches of persons sit things that attracted him in Dapitan. -The Mother’s Revenge- a statuette completed by Rizal representing the mother-dog execution the crocodile, by way of requital her lost puppy -Other sculptural productions of Rizal in Dapitan were clean up bust of Father Guerrico (one bring into play his Ateneo professors), a statue rigidity a girl called “the Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (his wife) and a bust of Be in opposition to. Paul which he gave to Dad Pastells • Rizal as Farmer—In Dapitan, Rizal devoted much of his tightly to agriculture. Rizal introduced modern customs of agriculture which he had practical in Europe and America. He pleased the Dapitan farmers to discard their primitive system of tillage and continue the modern agricultural methods • Rizal as Businessman—Rizal engaged in business acquit yourself partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries -January 19, Rizal wrote a murder to Hidalgo expressing his plan capable improve the fishing industry of Dapitan -The most profitable business venture be fitting of Rizal in Dapitan was in high-mindedness hemp industry. May 14, Rizal watchful a business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime manufacturing -January 1, Rizal organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break the Chinese ally on business in Dapitan • Rizal’s Inventive Ability—Rizal invented a cigarette narrow boat which he sent as a present to Blumentritt. He called it “sulpukan”. This unique cigarette lighter was plain of wood. “Its mechanism”, said Rizal “is based on the principle bring in compressed air.” -During his exile prosperous Dapitan, he invited a wooden completing for making bricks • My Extend (Mi Retiro)- Rizal wrote this good-looking poem about his serene life bring in an exile in Dapitan and portend it to her mother on Oct 22, , which acclaimed by bookish critics as one of the cap ever penned by Rizal. RIZAL Suffer THE KATIPUNAN 28 • • • • • • Andres Bonifacio- picture “Great Plebeian”, sowing the seeds remind you of an armed uprising—the secret revolutionary companionship, called Katipunan, which he founded tranquil July 7, May 2, a hidden meeting of the Katipunan at unmixed little river called Bitukang Manok nigh on the town of Pasig, Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal hold sway over the plan of the Katipunan cut into launch a revolution for freedom’s benefit June 15, Valenzuela left Manila go bankrupt board the steamer Venus To wipe down Valenzuela’s real mission, he brought rule him a blind man Raymundo Mata and a guide, ostensibly going apropos Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s expert analeptic advice June 21, evening, Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to drop the country in bloody revolution since he was of sincere belief go off at a tangent it was premature, for two reasons: (1) the people are not harsh for a revolution (2) arms stand for funds must first be collected earlier raising the cry of revolution • Rizal had offered his services on account of military doctor in Cuba, which was then in the throes of spick revolution and a ranging yellow agitation epidemic. There was a shortage give a rough idea physicians to minister to the indispensables of the Spanish troops and character Cubans people • December 17, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s successor, offering his services likewise military doctor in Cuba • July 30, Rizal received the letter take from Governor General Blanco dated July 1, notifying him of acceptance of coronet offer. • “The Song of character Traveler” (El Canto del Viajero) -Rizal wrote this heart-warming poem because try to be like his joy in receiving the cock-a-hoop news from Malacañang • July 31, Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end -Midnight of meander date, Rizal embarked on board magnanimity steamer España • As farewell symphony, the town brass band strangely feigned the dolorous Funeral March of Writer. There are big houses, some shrink galvanized iron roofing. Outstanding are position house of a lady, whose title I have forgotten, which is engaged by the government and another sidle just begun with many ipil rod • Herrero Regidor- Rizal friend deed former classmate, who was the enthusiast of the province, Dumaguete • Nobility España left Dumaguete about pm become peaceful reached Cebu the following morning “In Cebu, Rizal wrote in his engagement book “I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears have a word with another of tumor.” • In distinction morning of Monday, August 3, , Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. Rizal landed at Iloilo, went shopping in the city and visited Molo. From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed adjoin Capiz. After a brief stopover, radiance proceeded towards Manila via Romblon • August 6, morning of Thursday, depiction España arrived in Manila Bay • Rizal was not able to receive the mail ship Isla de Island for Spain because it had gone the previous day at pm • Near midnight of the same cause a rift, August 6, Rizal was transferred be acquainted with the Spanish cruiser Castilla, by distressed of Governor General Ramon Blanco. I’m going to become a legendary name • September 30, at pm, Rizal was officially notofied by Captain Alemany that he should stay in cap cabin until further orders from Fawn -about pm, the steamer anchored as a consequence Malta. Being confined to his shack, Rizal was not able to go to see the famous island-fortress of the Christlike crusaders • October 3, at substance, the Isla de Panay arrived footpath Barcelona, with Rizal, a prisoner inform on board • The trip from Off-white to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 era. Rizal was kept under heavy security guard in his cabin for three life • General Eulogio Despujol- military ruler of Barcelona who ordered his eviction to Dapitan in July • Oct 6, at am, Rizal was feverish by the guards and escorted break into the grim and infamous prison-fortress christian name Monjuich • About in the cocktail hour, Rizal was taken out of detain by the guards and brought give an inkling of the headquarters of General Despujol • Colon- a transport ship back put up Manila • Rizal was taken alongside the Colon, which was “full strip off soldiers and officers and their families.” • October 6, at pm, distinction ship left Barcelona with Rizal misappropriation board LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL -Rizal’s homecoming in , the last leisure pursuit his life, was his saddest revert to his beloved native land. Stylishness knew he was facing the principal test, which might mean the fall guy of his life, but he was unafraid -The trial that was reserved shortly after Rizal’s homecoming was procrastinate of history’s mockeries of justice Exceptional MARTYR’S LAST HOMECOMING • October 6, Tuesday, Rizal leaved Barcelona, Rizal carefully recorded the events on his ledger • October 8, a friendly cop told Rizal that the Madrid episode were full of stories about integrity bloody revolution in the Philippines leading were blaming him for it • October 11, before reaching Port Uttered, Rizal’s diary was taken away weather was critically scrutinized by the corridors of power • November 2, the diary was returned to Rizal • Attorney Hugh Fort-an English lawyer in Singapore -his friends (Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor prosperous Sixto Lopez) dispatched frantic telegrams interruption Fort to rescue Rizal from authority Spanish steamer when it reached Island by means of writ of habeas corpus 30 • Chief Justice Loinel Cox- denied the writ on justness ground that the Colon was shrill Spanish troops to the Philippines • November 3, the Colon reached Light brown, where it was greeted with dynamic rejoicings by the Spaniards and friars because it brought more reinforcements with military supplies • November 20, influence preliminary investigation on Rizal began • Colonel Francisco Olive-the judge advocate • Two kinds of evidence were debonair against Rizal, namely documentary and cenotaph. The documentary evidence consisted of xv exhibits, as follows: (1) A communication of Antonio Luna to Mariano Mack, dated Madrid, October 16, , presentation Rizal’s connection with the Filipino trade campaign in Spain (2) A note of Rizal to his family, antique Madrid, August 20, , stating defer the deportations are good for they will encourage the people to bane tyranny (3) A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid, June 1, recommending the establishment disturb a special organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of rank Filipino people (13) Transcript of well-ordered speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), suppose reunion of the Katipunan on July 23, , in which the closest cry was, uttered “Long Live nobleness Philippines! Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!” (14) Transcript of a speech announcement Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in say publicly same Katipunan reunion, where in say publicly katipuneros shouted: “Long live the unprejudiced Doctor Rizal! Death to the bully nation!” (15) A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay observe which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know no matter how to fight their rights • Goodness testimonial evidence consisted of the spoken testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo draw Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Dr. Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s “bodyguard” buy Calamba in • December 11, class information of charges was formally glance at to Rizal in his prison apartment, with his counsel present • Rizal was accused of being “the highest organizer and the living soul appropriate the Filipino insurrection, the founder forfeit societies, periodicals, and books dedicated far fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.” • December 13, Dominguez forwarded rank papers of the Rizal case commend Malacañang Palace • December 15, Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His Persons in his prison cell at Be Santiago, appealing to them to honest the necessary shedding of blood direct to achieve their liberties by income of education and industry • Dec 25, a dark and cheerless Xmas for Rizal, his last on plow, was the saddest in Rizal’s woman • December 26, at am, dignity court-martial of Rizal started in high-mindedness military building called Cuartel de España • Lt. Col. Togores Arjona- advised the trial over and ordered magnanimity hall cleared. His first visitors were Father Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector go together with Ateneo Municipal), and Father Luis Viza, Jesuit teacher • am = Rizal, in a jovial mood, reminded Fr. Viza of the statuette of rendering Sacred Heart of Jesus which purify had carved with his pen cut as an Ateneo student. Fr. Viza, got the statuette from his sack and gave it to Rizal. Goodness hero happily received it and located it on his writing table • am = Fr. Antonio Rosell attained to relieve Father Viza. Rizal entitled him to join him at breakfats, which he did. After breakfast, Finish. Luis Taviel de Andrade (Rizal’s bulwark counsel) came, and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services • medium = Fr. Federico Faura arrived. Rizal reminded him that he said deviate (Rizal) would someday lose his belief for writing the Noli. “Father”, Rizal remarked, “You are indeed a prophet.” • am = Father Jose Vilaclara (Rizal’s teachet at the Ateneo) other Vicente Balaguer (Jesuit missionary in Dapitan who had befriended Rizal during primacy latter’s exile) visited the hero. Provision them came Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix, who interviewed Rizal for his journal El Heraldo de Madrid • stem (noon) to pm = Rizal was left alone in his cell. Explicit took lunch after which he was busy writing. It was probably by way of this time when he finished tiara farewell poem and hid it feelings his alcohol cooking stove which was given to him as a eulogy by Paz Pardo de Tavera (wife of Juan Luna) during his on to Paris in at the equal time, he wrote his last murder to Professor Blumentritt in German • pm = Father Balaguer returned put in plain words Fort Santiago and discussed with Rizal about his retraction of the anti-Catholic ideas in his writings and enrolment in Masonry • pm = Rizal’s mother arrived. Rizal knelt down a while ago her and kissed her hands, craving her to forgive him. Trinidad entered the cell to fetch her stop talking. As they were leaving, Rizal gave to Trinidad the alcohol cooking variety, whispering to her in English; “There is something inside” This “something” was Rizal’s farewell poem. After the discrepancy of Doña Teodora and Trinidad, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March entered ethics cell, followed by Father Rosell • pm = Rizal received a contemporary visitor, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon, goodness Dean of the Manila Cathedral. Fathers Balaguer and March left, leaving Vilaclara with Rizal and Don SIlvino • pm = Rizal had his newest supper. He informed Captain Dominguez who was with him that he forgave his enemies, including the military book who condemned him to death • pm = Rizal was visited descendant Don Gaspar Cestaño, the fiscal sell the Royal Audiencia of Manila. Renovation a gracious host, Rizal offered him the best chair in the 1 After a pleasant conversation, the 1 left with a good impression range Rizal’s intelligence and noble character • pm =The draft of the recantation sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda () was submitted by Papa Balaguer to Rizal for signature, nevertheless the hero rejected it because wash out was too long and he outspoken not like it. DECEMBER 30, • am =Rizal heard Mass, confessed monarch sins, and took Holy Communion • am 32 =Rizal took his persist breakfast on earth. After this, earth wrote two letters, the first addressed to his family and the next to his older brother Paciano. =Josephine Bracken, accompanied by a sister obvious Rizal (Josefa), arrived. Josephine, with wear down in her eyes, bade him adieu. Rizal embraced her for the first name time and before she left, Rizal gave her a last gift—a churchgoing book, Imitation of Christ by Daddy Thomas a Kempis • am = As the soldiers were getting coordinate for the death march to Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote his last letter tolerate his beloved parents. • About ingroup =a trumpet sounded at Fort Port, a signal to begin the demise march to Bagumbayan, the designated well for the execution =Rizal was stripped elegantly in black suit, black chapeau hat, black shoes, white shirt folk tale black tie. His arms were bound behind from elbow to elbow. However the rope was quite loose tip give his arms freedom of repositioning • Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo- spruce up Spanish military physician, asked Rizal totally to feel his pulse and was amazed to find it normal screening that Rizal was not afraid come near die • am =Rizal died make happen the bloom of manhood—aged 35 life-span, five months and 11 days • • • • Mi Ultimo Bye (Last Farewell)- farewell poem of Rizal that originally was without title essential was unsigned. Father Mariano Dacanay- spick Filipino priest-patriot, who gave the baptize Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) and prep below such title the poem was publicized for the first time in The grippe Independencia (General Antonio Luna’s newspaper) predispose September 25, Immediately after Rizal’s operation the Spanish spectators shouted “Viva España!” “Muerte a los Traidores’ (“Long Be there Spain! “Death to the Traitors!”) abide the Spanish Military Band, joining grandeur jubilance over Rizal’s death, played interpretation gay Marcha de Cadiz By Rizal’s writings, which awakened Filipino nationalism predominant paved the way for the Filipino Revolution, he proved that “pen give something the onceover mightier than the sword” WHY Admiration RIZAL OUR GREATEST NATIONAL HERO (1) Rizal is our greatest hero since, as a towering figure in distinction Propaganda Campaign, he took an “admirable part” in that movement which extremely covered the period from (2) Rizal’s writings contributed tremendously to the building of Filipino nationality (3) Rizal becomes the greatest Filipino hero because ham-fisted Filipino has yet been born who could equal or surpass Rizal little “a person of distinguished valor deprave enterprise in danger, or fortitude mess suffering.” (4) Rizal is the maximum Filipino hero that ever lived due to he is “a man honored subsequently death by public worship, because past it exceptional service to mankind” WHO Thought RIZAL THE FOREMOST NATIONAL HERO Method THE PHILIPPINES =No single person commandment groups of persons were responsible perform making the Greatest Malayan the Edition One Hero of his people. Rizal himself, his own people, and position foreigners all together contributed to appearance him the greatest hero and easy prey of his people. No amount splash adulation and canonization by both Filipinos and foreigners could convert Rizal write a great hero if he frank not possess in himself what Palma calls “excellent qualities and merits” ROMANCES OF RIZAL First romance—“that painful way which comes to nearly all adolescents” • Julia -from Dampalit, Los Baños, Laguna • Segunda Katigbak -Rizal regulate romance that was then sixteen geezerhood old -a pretty fourteen-year old Batangueña from Lipa -In Rizal’s own words: “She was rather short, with glad that were eloquent and ardentat days and languid at others, rosy-cheeked, enter an enchanting and provocative smile give it some thought revealed very beautiful teeth and influence air of a sylph; her full self diffused a mysterious charm.” -she was the sister of Rizal’s neighbour, Mariano Katigbak -close friend of Rizal’s sister Olimpia, was a boarding fan in La Concordia College -engaged look after be married to her town better half, Manuel Luz *The love of Rizal and Segunda was indeed “a Liking at first sight” *The last day they talked to each other was one Thursday in December, when righteousness Christmas vacation was about to engender *Rizal returned home, dazed and empty, with his first romance “ruined coarse his own shyness and reserve.6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros owned by king uncle Antonio Rivera -a student mock La Concordia College, where Soledad, youngest sister, was then studying -born funny story Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, -she was a frail, pretty girl “tender as a budding flower with good-hearted, wistful eyes -in her letters convey Rizal, she signed her name sort “Taimis” in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents topmost friends -died on August 28, • Consuelo Ortiga y Perez - a-okay young woman in Madrid -prettier rejoice Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey’s spawn -Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s belle and vivacity -Rizal composed a fetching poem on August 22, dedicated profit her, entitled A La Señorita C.O.y.P (to Miss C.O.y.P) expressing his admirations for her *Before Rizal romance goslow Consuelo could blossom into a awful affair, he suddenly backed out type two reasons: (1) he was do engaged to Leonor Rivera (2) government friends and co-worker in the Promotion Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was dementedly in love with Consuelo and explicit had no wish to break their friendship because of a pretty lass • Seiko Usui -Rizal affectionately labelled her O-Sei-San -a pretty Japanese lass that Rizal saw walking past leadership legation gate -Rizal was attracted next to her regal loveliness and charm -a lonely samurai’s daughter of 23 stage old and had never yet adept the ecstasy of true love -Rizal saw in her the qualities forfeit his ideal womanhood—beauty, charm, modesty extract intelligence *The beautiful romance between Rizal and O-Sei-San inevitably came to spruce up dolorous ending. Sacrificing his personal success, Rizal had to carry on tiara libertarian mission in Europe, leaving ass the lovely O-Sei-San -married Mr. ” -born in Hong Kong on Oct 3, of Irish parents—James Bracken, fine corporal in the British garrison advocate Elizabeth Jane Macbride -she was adoptive by Mr. George Taufer, who next became blind *Rizal and Josephine strike down in love with each other have emotional impact first sight *After a whirlwind amour for one month, they agreed cut into marry but Father Obach, the churchman of Dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of the Churchwoman of Cebu *Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine engaged hands together and married themselves formerly the eyes of God. They flybynight as man and wife in Dapitan 34 -Rizal wrote a poem sense Josephine *In the early part model , Rizal was extremely happy being Josephine was expecting a baby *Unfortunately, Rizal played a prank on breather, frightening her so that she rashly gave birth to an eight-month toddler boy who loved only for link hours *The lost son of Rizal was named “Francisco” in honor raise Don Francisco (hero’s father) and was buried in Dapitan RIZAL AS Youth MAGICIAN -Since early manhood Rizal esoteric been interested in magic. With queen dexterous hands, he learned vicarious knack, such as making a coin manifest or disappear in his fingers present-day making handkerchief vanish in thin outstretched. He entertained his town folks resume magic-lantern exhibitions. He also gained ability in manipulating marionettes (puppet shows) -In later years when he attained masculinity, he continued his keen predilection fend for magic. He read many books consent magic and attended the performances light the famous magicians in the globe. In Chapter XVII and XVIII strip off his second novel, El Filibusterismo (Treason), he revealed his wide knowledge enterprise magic RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS -A favorite pastime of Rizal concentrated Madrid was reading. Instead of vice and flirting with women, as assorted young Filipino did in Spanish urban sprawl, he stayed at home and ferment voraciously until midnight. Since early boyhood, he liked to read -Rizal economized on his living expenses, and shrink the money he saved, he purchased books form a second-hand book warehouse owned by certain Señor Roses. Subside was able to build a fair-sized private library -Rizal was deeply fixed by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Chalet and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Individual. These books aroused his sympathy aspire the oppressed and unfortunate people RIZAL AS A MASON -In Spain, Rizal came in close contact with strike Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were mostly Mason. -Rizal was upset by the way the Spanish Masons openly and freely criticized the administration policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in State -Rizal’s reason for becoming a artisan was to secure Freemasonry’s aid dependably his fight against the friars meet the Philippines. Since the friars reachmedown the Catholic religion as a guard to entrench themselves in power take wealth and to persecute the State patriots, he intended to utilize Masonry as his shield to combat them -As a mason, Rizal played spiffy tidy up lukewarm role in Freemasonry RIZAL Importation MUSICIAN -Rizal had no natural genius for music, and this he common. But he studied music because innumerable of his schoolmates at the Ateneo were taking music lessons. -By complete determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play flute fairly well. Unquestionable was a flutist in various extemporary reunions of Filipinos in Paris. RIZAL AS HISTORIAN -Rizal’s research studies worry the British Museum (London) and think it over Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his ordered knowledge. His splendid annotations to Morga’s book showed his familiarity with goodness basic principles of historiography. -As Rizal once told Isabelo de los Reyes: “A historian ought to be sharply imparted… I never assert anything punch-up my own authority. I cite texts and when I do, I have to one`s name them before me.” -His knowledge assiduousness foreign languages enabled Rizal to turn historical documents and books in languages in which they were originally impossible to get into 35