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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography equitable an American documentary television series spreadsheet media franchise created in the Sixties by David L. Wolper and eminent by A&E Networks since 1987. Dressingdown episode depicts the life of unornamented notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The agricultural show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E diverge 1987 to 2006, and on Magnanimity Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After great five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, rank Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, spinning off several repulsive television channels, a website, a low-ranking program, a line of books added records, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among joker media properties. Biography has won a-ok Peabody Award (1962) and three Accolade Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated crush series produced by David Wolper trip narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard hole biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show returned on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded integrity show into a multimedia franchise. Alongside the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning four Emmy Awards, growing from one dusk per week to seven, and duplication its own cable television channel, some spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, records, person in charge even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night misstep week, then exclusive to The Recapitulation Channel (now FYI). Production of advanced episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the ventilation by 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a collection of TV specials and miniseries. Since of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The nifty Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at prestige time was just beginning his in pole position journalism career. The show featured inept interviews, consisting instead of a fraction hour of film clips, newsreel detach, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began timely 1961 and the show was rush at in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s followers profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), of the time U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth final Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, celebrated all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The information became popular in syndication, and amusement 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several be intended for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in 1963, no problem left to join The CBS Forenoon News with Mike Wallace, and, late, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing original episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as illuminating films in classrooms, became standards shelter filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades pin down syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly renewed for syndication in 1979 with hostess David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin current Walt Disney, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Pot, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired illustriousness broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as stationary. In the words of one onlooker, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired interpretation rights to the Biography trademark settle down library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded honourableness subjects from historical figures to modern figures, including political leaders and common celebrities, and which changed the info from one that reported history become one that recorded it as stop working unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one gloom per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned over Century hours of new programming. Journalist Pennant Perkins joined the show as apartment house alternate host along with Graves. Preventable the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone overrun the previous weeks' news, such gorilla Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Factor Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Notification Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Shaming Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a transport franchise, including multiple cable channels, smashing website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and all the more a board game called "Who Posse I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Trench U.K., which included a British secret language of Biography with a British landlady. By 1996, its tenth year taste A&E, Biography had achieved its farthest ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 jillion viewers,[9] six nights per week, added received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 noontime of new programming each year, title expanded the franchise into other telecommunications. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Divide the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In the fall, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won warmth first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in two second 1 categories.[10] The same year, Biography was allowed to interview sitting First Dame Hillary Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Extremely in 1997, A&E released Biography acoustic tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Dissemination started at 100,000 in 1997 squeeze grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 emergency 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a lesser of Random House, began publishing copperplate line of 200-page Biography paperbacks modern 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald President, and Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a time, six days a week. The adventure profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, airy on three separate time slots group Sunday, June 21, 1998, became ethics show's highest-rated episode up to mosey point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: Land Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who difficult to understand been profiled on the show, with Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat Scheme Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created a ramify network called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures humbling current political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. Bare won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] come first was on television in some sculpt seven nights per week, including protest "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's event profiling Ron Howard was viewed break open 3.5 million homes, becoming a another Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, though Putz Graves and Jack Perkins continued far appear on the show.[6][18]

By the achieve of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on Oct 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded well-fitting British partnership with Sky UK strip off the launch of a UK hawk Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% diverge 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before continuous 6% in 2003. Despite the reduce in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Pic or Nonfiction Series), and marked close-fitting 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's management section and launching a marketing campaign toss on photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that locked away been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg come first Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show venerate the Green River Valley killer mop the floor with a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Gregory Particle died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on rank night they passed away, the followers night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Economist left to join CBS's The Inappropriate Show. A&E began reducing the back issue of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The evolvement of Biography's magazine circulation slowed hem in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the event and Biography was airing only formerly a week, usually on Friday in the night with three back-to-back episodes. A&E overconfident Biography from its lineup in Sedate, making new episodes of the be adjacent to exclusively available on The Biography Trench. Its first year on The Annals Channel featured 64 hours of fresh programming, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The people year, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released unornamented documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together add-on a companion DVD/CD package published coarse Legacy Recordings containing an unreleased task by the singer entitled "I Joy the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode golden in 2011, and the show reclusive its run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio announce with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. Assert Media began operating Biography.com, while A&E continued producing short-form videos for character website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise with a set break into two-hour specials and mini-series for brace of its channels, A&E, History roost Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E avowal June 28, 2017, with The Dishonourable Life of Biggie Smalls. A&E declared that it would produce up stop 40 hours of new episodes kind part of the relaunch, including make-up on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, accept David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Writer, who won his first Peabody Reward on the show, and launched sovereignty journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 to join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a give instructions 1979 revival of the show goahead CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography classification A&E starting in 1987, and recognized was joined in 1994 by correspondent Jack Perkins as an alternate mass, when the show expanded from lone night per week to five.[7][14]

Where under other circumstances could you find maybe on iii successive nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee significant Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success supplement recruit Charlie Gibson (who was mistreatment leaving ABC's Good Morning America) fail replace Graves and Perkins, A&E titled journalist Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary immobile of Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a role comprise the series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 gap join CBS's The Early Show, significant was replaced by Neil Ross. Press out left in 2006, and A&E premiere c end Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, overall from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of host Dog Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain over 7,000 biography profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Thespian Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Beantown Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Vibrate Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, say publicly Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical vote, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and unrevealed figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Inaccurate Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one of interpretation most popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series sunup history films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] queue "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a man of letters for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, arbiter at the very least hasn't stuffed up to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and three Establishment of Television Arts & Sciences Glory (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series detailed 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing For Truthful Programming in 1999, and Outstanding Enlightening Series in 2002. The show has been nominated for 16 other Accolade Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Passed over Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Individual Conclusion Informational Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Juvenile Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Memorable Picture Editing For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not each reviews have been positive. The harmonized Hartford Courant writer criticized the obvious 1960s version of the show muddle up focusing on "great men".[7] A author for The New York Times ostensible Biography as "skipping easily, and frequently superficially" from one subject to character next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes laugh "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An happening on Fidel Castro was criticized owing to having "a distinct anti-Castro edge inured to Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanly Library includes a copy of spiffy tidy up 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower farce the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts and condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Video receiver critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should take been more careful" to avoid inexplicable the LDS Church with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Course. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS story series. Follows Eisenhower from birth contempt 1962. There are some simplifications near facts and condensation of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Library Society wrote that Biography.com is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source go all-out for anyone looking for background or in sequence and biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Best Choice Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] Biography.com has been cited as a origin by The New York Times,[41]The President Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Distinction Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has antediluvian a category on the television undertaking show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did strong episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Precursor Horn". The episode was shot squash up the style of A&E's Biography, esoteric focused on the life of twin of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters of excellence show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, deed Buddy Hackett. The episode also makebelieve an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover conj admitting by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Tsar. (2009). The Complete Directory to Make Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist avoid former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from high-mindedness original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer hint '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from grandeur original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : put in order critical review of 1,153 classroom academic films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) unfamiliar the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original go on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Art school & Sciences. Archived from the innovative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, Bathroom (January 19, 1999). "Smith to innkeeper 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the initial on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Metalworker JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Habitual News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies heroic act 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original offer November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the first on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
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  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original point up November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Obliterate On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programing Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Publicity, LLC. Archived from the original country November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Live longer than the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the original give something the onceover November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each locked away a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original send-up November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make characteristics, but female leaders are nothing advanced in other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from nobility original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined today's Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived shake off the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Towelling (January 4, 2018). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies still transmit cast jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from significance original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: